Saturday, December 28, 2019

Standardized Testing Is An Epidemic Rising All Over The...

Standardize testing is an epidemic rising all over the country. Many ask what standardize testing is? Standardize testing is defined as any form of test that requires the same question to be answered, in the same concept, and that is scored using a consistent manner, which is unfair to the tester (â€Å"Standardized Test†). Testing the students for the rating of the teachers and the placement of the schools is absolutely absurd. This academic issue is nationwide and especially in West Virginia. What might we do to better the validity of standardize testing? Is standardized testing really the best way to measure the students’ academic ability? For more than 50 years’ students have been pulling out no. 2 pencils and filling in the circles. (â€Å"Fetcher†). Today students 4th grade to 11th grade is put under extensive pressure due to the testing. Instructors begin the year informing students what the curriculum will be for the test. Every chapter read, every test taken, each quiz and group discussions all should enhance the standardize testing. George W Bush was the singing president for the No Child Left Behind Act in the early 2000s. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) basically holds the school responsible for the academic progress of all students. Laws state â€Å"states must test students in reading and math in grades 3 through 11th (Klein). Each induvial state can choose regulations and to decide what test they should use. In 2005 states did not reach 100 percent of theShow MoreRelatedPresident George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act Of 20071263 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics have made up a large part of public education in the United States of America since Anglo-Saxons came over from Europe. The effects that politics and governmental policies have had on public education have been evident throughout the history of the United States and are still apparent today. Beginning with assimilation and acculturation in the 17th century and c ontinuing on to programs such as President George Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Mississippi Healthy Students ActRead MoreDescriptive Essay : The Playground 1682 Words   |  7 Pagesbuild. The chatter of voices began to fill the air; students begin discussing what they want to conquer first. Mary-go-rounds, slides, swings, monkey bars, balls, jump ropes, a time where imaginations would explode and run rapidly. Once Lunchtime is over, the Teachers would open a portal to a wondrous world of whimsical delight: the playground. First, you hear the screeching of chairs sliding across the cafeteria floor. Then the rumble of wild, uncontrollable energy would fill the area. Bursting throughRead MoreThe National Tuberculosis Control Program Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY India, the second most populous country with over 1.31 billion people, has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, accounting for 20% of the global incidence of TB, and an even higher share of global incidence of multi–drug resistant (MDR) TB. With an estimated 2 million new cases of TB and 5, 00,000 TB-related deaths in India annually, those who got diagnosed with different forms of DR-TB were 35,385 cases but only 20,753 people started on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)Read MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Infection ( Hiv ) Global Health Report6698 Words   |  27 Pagesin 1981. HIV infection is considered to be one the most important public health challenge in all countries and require global efforts (Merson, 2006). Rationale: Almost 36.9 million people are currently living with HIV infection and almost 10 million people being died from the infection or as a result related causes or opportunistic infections. At present people acquired the infection reported from all regions in the world. The majority of old and new cases are reported from sub-Saharan Africa whichRead MoreEssay On Obesity1410 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent intake and consumption, the association of state snack and food laws on youth obesity rates, the influence of state laws on other school environments and the influence of state and local policy outside of the school environment (Chriqui, 2013). All to be explain in more detail below. Purpose The overall purpose of the review was to observe the policy strategies that the state, local, and school districts have adopted and implemented and to focus on the fact that more research on the impact ofRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )2303 Words   |  10 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, has become a very prevalent mental disorder in children across the United States. In fact, as of 2011, 11 percent of all children ages four to seventeen had been diagnosed with ADHD (â€Å"ADHD Throughout the Years†). With the growing number of children diagnosed, the number of people skeptical of the amount of stimulants being handed out also grew. One problem is the vagueness of the definition. One dictionary defines ADHD as, â€Å"a condition, usually inRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesunparalleled powers to harm life as we know it - and for all future generations. Updated 2009. Comments email: naturolism@gmail.com More blue underlined links shortly in an ongoing update. Sign up now for our Newsletter to get invaluable updates and more Introduction What is called biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all of us. Largely between 1997 and 1999, genetically modified (GM) food ingredients suddenly appeared in 2/3rds of all US processed foods. This food alteration was fueledRead MoreMcFit Marketing Strategy Plan Essay5504 Words   |  23 Pageseating habits of residents in Singapore and found new evidence that a diet heavy in fast food increases the risk of developing Type Two diabetes and coronary heart disease (University of Minnesota, 2012, p. 1). Health care costs and rising ailments have prompted more people to think about what they put into their bodies. In accordance with healthier thinking, fast food restaurants need to evolve enough to meet the latest demands or prepare for the end of a leveling business cycle. ToRead More Noise Pollution Essay5677 Words   |  23 Pagesdisturbing sound that causes a nuisance in the eye of the beholder. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, have been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper, the cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented in some detailRead MoreCase Study in Nursing8060 Words   |  33 Pagesthe most common forms of CAH to chromosome 6. DNA testing is available for di agnosis of CAH and to detect carriers of the gene mutations. Figure 1 These particular groups of genes contain instructions the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidneys) need in order to produce an enzyme called 21-hydroxylase. Without this enzyme, the adrenal glands are unable to produce cortisol, a hormone necessary for life. In addition, over 75 percent of all individuals with  Classical_CAH  also lack another

Friday, December 20, 2019

Describe Two Models for Change. Include Appropriate...

Describe two models for change. Include appropriate examples in your answer. The two models for to be considered and discussed in this section are the Business Process Re-engineering and Kaizen models. Business Process Re-engineering Definition The world today is ever changing, moving from one phase to the other and the only thing that does not change is ‘change’ itself. As the modern business environment is propelled by the three Cs namely Customer, Competition and Change, organisations are always looking for new business innovations to salvage their ailing enterprise. (Hammer and Champy, 1993) One of such solutions that have been identified and used by many companies is the Business Process Re-engineering or shortened as BPR. There†¦show more content†¦Its implementation has resulted in employees being laid off in the organization. Also, the operation of the reorganised processes in some instances is like working a complex production line. (Senior, 2002:109) Further, Weicher et al (1995) observed that BPR does not have the qualities of a scientific theory as, among other things, it is limited in scope and not duplicable. Paradoxically, BPR advocates and stresses teamwork but in actual fact, the process must be driven by a ruthless manager. (Weicher et al,1995). Moreover, the failure rate of the BPR process application is astronomical. Bryant (1998) put the BPR initiative failure rate at 80% while Bywater (1997) pegged the failure rate at 70%. Even the leading proponent of BPR, Michael Hammer, has admitted that in about 70% cases of the re-engineered organisatons, most have come out worse off than better off. (Burnes, 2004) Most of these failures can be adduced to exaggerated expectations in respect of the potential benefits from a BPR initiative and consequently failure to achieve the expected results. There is also the implementation of generic so-called best-practice processes that do not correspond to specific organisation needs. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Online) In addition, too much trust is placed inShow MoreRelatedIfsm300 Umuc Haircuts Case Study Stage 1-5 Assignment Ifsm 300 Umuc Haircuts Case Study Stage 1-5 Assignment5162 Words   |  21 PagesStudy STAGE 1-5 assignment Click below link for Answer visit http://workbank247.com/ http://workbank247.com/q/ifsm300-umuc-haircuts-case-study-stage-1-5-assignm/11696 http://workbank247.com/q/ifsm300-umuc-haircuts-case-study-stage-1-5-assignm/11696 Case Study, Stage 1: Business Environment Analysis Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the â€Å"UMUC Haircuts Case Study† and be sure to take a look at the â€Å"Walmart Example.† Purpose of this Assignment This assignmentRead MorePrecede or Proceed Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages1.) Within the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model and using what you have learned about epidemiology, what kind of data would be included within an epidemiological assessment? Please describe. In the PRECEDE phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, epidemiological data would include predisposing, reinforcing and enabling constructs such as genetics, behavior, and community. In the PROCEED phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, epidemiological data would include environmental data from sources such as primary interviewsRead MoreReview Quesition20349 Words   |  82 Pagesquestions 1.1 List four examples of database systems other than those listed in Section 1.1. Some examples could be: †¢ A system that maintains component part details for a car manufacturer; †¢ An advertising company keeping details of all clients and adverts placed with them; †¢ A training company keeping course information and participants’ details; †¢ An organization maintaining all sales order information. 1.2 Discuss the meaning of each of the following terms: Read MoreEssay on Midterm Questions6765 Words   |  28 Pagesmost appropriate would be Primary prevention 5. The three main uses of the Framework includes all of the following EXCEPT: To provide a unified health education program for all health settings 6. Assumptions of health promotion include all of the following EXCEPT: Individual responsibility can best be viewed through victim blaming 7. What below is not one of the steps in Generalized Model of program planning Gather resources 8. Cardiac rehabilitation is an example of secondaryRead MorePerformance, Compensation, and the Balanced Scorecard*10099 Words   |  41 Pagesdeveloped by Kaplan and Norton. The first few sections describe the problems with traditional approaches to viewing HR’s role in business performance. It explains why HR should be looked at as a strategic asset. The HR architecture is then described in brief. It highlights the links between the HR scorecard and the Balanced Scorecard. The nature of HR deliverables including performance drivers and enablers is explained. The seven-step model explains the details of implementing an HR Scorecard. TheRead MoreEssay about Mgc1 Study Guide7936 Words   |  32 PagesStrategic Management (Chapters 4 9) 1. Identify elements of the external environment and internal resources of the firm to analyze before formulating a strategy. a. External Environment: Industry and market analysis (industry profile, growth, and forces), Competitor analysis, Political and Regulatory analysis, Social analysis, Human Resources analysis, Macroeconomics analysis, and Technological analysis. Also forecasting future trends b. Internal Resources: Financial analysisRead MoreCase Study : A Perfect Strategic Management Model2048 Words   |  9 Pages4) Compare and contrast two strategic management models from the literature. Analyze and evaluate their implications for effectively managing an organization in its first attempts to penetrate into the global market. Briefly describe the organization you chose for this analysis and then identify which country it might initiate its first global penetration and why. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each model to manage the globalization effort? How would the models meet the needs of the businessRead MoreCase Study Instructional Notes8316 Words   |  34 PagesManual Enterprise Resource Planning, 1/E CHAPTER 1: A FOUNDATION FOR UNDERSTANDING ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Develop an understanding of how ERP systems can improve the effectiveness of information systems in organizations. 2. Understand the business benefits of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 3. Understand the history and evolution of ERP. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1. A Foundation for Understanding Enterprise Resource Planning Systems a. The EmergenceRead MoreCareer Strategy Outline9821 Words   |  40 Pagessomething of a sole proprietorship, or as a recent book reflected in its title, â€Å"You Incorporated†. This trend is a clear indication that you must take full responsibility for your life-long career success and satisfaction. Thus, as with any successful business, individual career management should follow the same process that successful organizations use in creating their business plans. Through various processes, successful organizations create strategic plans that provide a long-term visionRead MoreElementary Methods : Teaching Mathematics5785 Words   |  24 PagesElementary Methods Unit 4: Teaching Mathematics Summary: With the implementation of Common Core, there is a misconception that students are learning ?new math.? However, students are not learning new concepts, just a new way of thinking about those concepts. In this unit, you will explore some effective instructional strategies and approaches to teaching students, way to get them to think mathematically, how to bridge the gap between concrete and abstract and incorporate technology to allow for

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Automotive Industry and Car free essay sample

Company History Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (PERODUA), established in 1993, is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partners. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Perodua mainly produces small-compact cars therefore does not directly compete with Proton for the same market niche. In the United Kingdom their cars are sold by Proton dealers who wish to attract customers seeking a smaller and cheaper alternative to the Proton range. Besides the UK and Singapore, Perodua also exports their cars to Brunei, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Nepal And Mauritius in small numbers by local dealers. The company started operations in 1994 and the ever so popular Perodua Kancil was introduced to the Malaysian market in August the same year. To date, the following vehicles have rolled out of the Perodua plant: †¢ The Perodua Rusa March 1996 †¢ The Perodua Kembara August 1998 †¢ The Perodua Kenari – June 2000 The Perodua Kelisa – August 2001 †¢ The Perodua Myvi – May 2005 †¢ The Perodua Viva – May 2007 †¢ The Perodua Nuatica 4WD – May 2008 †¢ The Perodua Alza – November 2009 As of 30 September 2010, Perodua has sold some 1. 85 million units of vehicles of various models. Perodua headquarters is located on an 138-hectare site in Sungai Choh, Rawang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. It houses among others Perodua corporate building, RD testing laboratories and styling studio, vehicle test track, manufacturing plant, engine plant, pre-delivery inspection area, vehicle distribution stockyard and parts warehouse. Perodua Auto Corporation Sdn Bhd (PCSB) was established in the final quarter of 2001. Besides Perodua, the two other joint venture partners of PCSB are Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. and Mitsui Co. Ltd both of Japan. The manufacturing operations of the Perodua Group are being managed by PCSB. Recent Company Development As compared to Proton, Perodua has been quite successful in its business ventures. Its cars are very popular among Malaysians such as the recently introduced Perodua Myvi, which sold 7413 units in October 2010, outselling its rival’s bestselling car, the Proton Saga, which only sold 6535 units in Malaysia. In 2009 and 2010, Perodua became the bestselling car company in Malaysia. It is because Perodua knows how to fulfill the customer needs such as saving the transportation cost, customers don’t need spending a lot on petrol. Effect of the economy recession, consumers would like to buy a car which can save cost. The company knows Perodua Myvi has good market demand, without losing such great opportunity, at July  07, 2010; Perodua launched a Myvi Limited Edition (Myvi LE)with added features to make it even more appealing to Malaysians. The new car has been given a fresh exterior look with newly design fog lamps, front grille, hood, grade mark with exclusive Limited Edition and emblem while the interior has been updated with new exclusive fabric, decorative cubic painting centre cluster, silver painted chrome finishing steering wheel, chrome door inner handle. For further comfort and satefy, radio CD-player with MP3/WMA,USB Bluetooth and dual SRS airbags at driver passenger have also been added in. Prices for the Myvi LE range between RM48,100 to RM48,600. New colour has been added; Dazzling Red. SWOT Analysis Strength 80/20 rule The price that offered by Perodua is cheaper compared to other competitors. Almost 80% of Malaysians are affordable to purchase Perodua’s product. 80% of Malaysians are employees; they can’t afford to pay more in buying a vehicle. So that, Perodua’s car will become one of their choices when they are planning to buy a car. According to 80/20 rule, 80% of Malaysians are affordable to buy the car; it’s a good for Perodua. Affiliate with Japanese car maker Perodua is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partner. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Among those shareholders, Daihatsu is a Japanese car brand; its biggest shareholder is Toyota Motor Corp. This make Perodua indirectly linked to Toyota. Learning centre Perodua launch its learning centre on 4 December. The learning centre provides lots of course for those who are interested to join the automobile industry. Besides that, Perodua also provide courses for the engineers inside the company. Those courses can help them to improve their technical skills and working experience. There are 2 courses provided by Perodua, they are Perodua Technical Education System (PTES) and Perodua Technical Education System (Advance). Perodua also conduct special programmers for school leavers (SPM) such as Perodua Youth Training Programmed (PYTP). Those school leavers are recruited and train in-house until they qualify to MLVK Level 1. This PYTP is enabling young people to gain valuable knowledge and skills that increase their chances of employment. Entities of Perodua Group There are 3 entities inside Perodua Group. Those 3 entities are Perodua Sales Sdn Bhd (PSSB), Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PMSB) and Perodua Engine Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PEMSB). Those entities are working on their own basis, for example PSSB is monitor on the sales of products and services. This kind of distribution can make the managing process become easier. Top management can easily monitor those 3 entities in terms of their own working basis. This can reduce conflict between those entities and increase efficiency of managing and manufacturing process among these entities. Weakness Lack of expertise in design Perodua’s car doesn’t have a nice appearance compare to other imported car. It is because Perodua doesn’t have enough designer in designing car models if compare to other imported car makers. This is a weakness for Perodua in order to compete with competitors, such as Proton. Although Perodua had just launched its learning centre, but the learning centre doesn’t provide courses of designing a car. This learning centre can’t help Perodua in terms of increase the expertise of designers in-house. Some of the car model that launch by Perodua is taken from Daihatsu, for example Perodua Kancil’s original model design is copied from Daihatsu Mira. Although there is no Daihatsu Mira in Malaysia, but it’s very easy for those car lover to recognize it. This will lead to the perception of Malaysian that Perodua duplicate the model from Daihatsu; this will affect the reputation of Perodua. Production cost increase The instability of economy in year 2008 made lots of businesses collapse. This economy recession also affect Perodua in terms of production cost. The instability of economy make Perodua production cost increase, this will decrease the marginal profit for the sales. Decrease in profit will affect to the research and development. It is because if the profit become lower than before, the company will cut off some cost to prevent lost in the financial. This will lead to low RD in terms of production and manufacturing. Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) | | |Internal Strategic Factors |Comment | |Strength | | |S1. Reasonable price |Affordable by public | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |Positive image | |S3. Learning Centre |More expertise trained | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups |Less conflict | |Weakness | | |W1. Lack of expertise |Lack of designer | |W2. Increase of production cost |Lowering the profit | Opportunities Low Fuel Price Due to the market fuel price is getting low; now people are switching their lifestyles. Recently, people prefer to have their own car rather than using public transport. They are preferably to pay more in buying car rather than to pay the expensive fuel rate, because petrol is being use every time, everywhere. Actually there is indirect negative relationship between fuel price and the demand of car. When fuel price is decreasing, the demand of car will be increase. Why is it like these, because fuel is the complement product for cars so people will increase their usage of the car when the fuel price is getting low, therefore automatically the demand of car will increase rapidly. Government Protection Government provides sufficient protection for local industry especially in automotive industry because there only have two domestic automotive manufactures which is Perodua and Proton. They stated many policy over the foreign company like tariff and non- tariff barrier to control the import rate. Usually government will charge high tax or duty on imported cars, or in other way they will set a quota for the imported cars. All regulation made by government is to look after local industry and prevent market cannibalization by foreigner. Protection given by government provided opportunity for Perodua to sustain their position in domestic industry and also dominate the Malaysian market. Consumer Lifestyle Change The lifestyle is changing over time, therefore needs and wants for consumers always differ from time to time, it actually depend on the market trend. Perodua choose to target on people who prefer compact-cars. Now a day, people demand to be more convenient in all aspect, that why they choose compact-car because it is more convenient and save space when you park it. In this context, they are considering has been successful because Perodua has a good position in the compact-car segment, which is a growing market internationally. Its Myvi model has been particularly successful. Green Car Technology Now a day, people are changing their notion and more concerning on the environmental friendly product. The advancement of technology in Lithium-ion Batteries also creates an opportunity to automotive industry to enter into the new segment. Commonly, we only heard lithium-ion batteries has helped create a market for notebook computers, cell phones, and other portable devices, from the iPod to the BlackBerry. Researchers have toiled for many years in attempts to scale this technology for use in automotive traction batteries. While the benefit for consumers could be revolutionary-and could open the door to plug-in hybrids and battery-electric vehicles-challenges remain significant. This session emphasized economic and environmental strategy rather than chemistry and engineering. Based on what researcher has done before, there is future opportunity for Perodua to focus on this potential market. Threats Consumer Perceptions towards Quality Perception of consumer is major factor that affect customer purchase decision. Customers are considering close to the buying process when they have a good perception toward a certain product. In opposite, if customer has a negative perception towards a product, therefore they would never purchase that product. Basically, Malaysian prefers to buy something that is produce by foreign manufacture because the perception in their mind stated that foreign products to be more quality compare with domestic product. As an evident of statement, we take an example in UK market; Perodua was poor publicity and researcher critic Kelisa as worst car in the world because of their quality. This is a huge threat for Perodua in targeting oversea market in the future. Economic Recession The researcher already made an assumption; there will be an economic recession in all country in these coming years. The recession will cause country facing a crisis in economic, then will give a huge impact on the global market and industry. Therefore, the rate of unemployment will be increase and more workers will lose their job soon. When people lose their job, they have no any income, by this, they will not spending in buying luxury item like cars. This is not only caused by the loss of jobs within the country suffering from recession but also due to the fact the value of a countries currency also suffers heavily in a recession, which causes the price of items to increase which includes items like raw materials, this again makes it impossible for Perodua not to raise their prices, making sales dwindle further Government control Before that, government is encouraging people to buy car because of to increase the performance of country economic. Government is providing loan openly for who that desire to have their own car. But in recent years, government is changing their policies to reduce the rate of loan provision. Only people that fulfill the requirement are qualified to get loan. Action that taking by government is forced by traffic congestion condition. Therefore, government tries to control the number of car in the road by reducing the car loan provision. This will cause the Perodua sales fall down because people will be not interested to buy car when they can’t get a loan. The high rate of air pollution caused a large amount of cars also plays an important role in influencing government policy, with the government constantly promoting car pooling and the use of public transport, it is hard to believe that the automotive industry to go undamaged. External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |External Strategic |Comment | |Factors | | |Opportunities | | |O 1. Fuel Price |Complement for automobile. | |O 2. GOV Protection |Protect domestic industry. | |O35. Buyer Lifestyle |Trends. | |O 4. GOV Policy |Incentive for old car trade –in. | |Threats | | |T 1. Customer Perception |Poor publicity. (ex: in U. K) | |T 2. Economic Recession |Consumer buying behavior changed. | |T 3. GOV Control |Due to traffic congestion. Summary of Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |Strength |Weaknesses | |S1. Reasonable price |T1. Lack of Expertise | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T2. Slow in Launching New Car Model | |S3. Learning Centre |T3. Increase of Production Cost | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | |Opportunities |Threats | |O 1. Fuel Price Strength |T 1. Customer Perception | |S1. Reasonable price |T 2. Economic Recession | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T 3. GOV Control | |S3. Learning Centre | | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | Problems and challenges face by Perodua There is vehemence competition in the automotive industry, no matter in domestic or international market. If we look at local automotive anufacture, the main competitor for Perodua is Proton which is introduced the first Malaysian car in local automotive market. Compare with Perodua, government are giving more support to Proton especially in financial part because they are the first mover in this industry for the local industry. Moreover, it also represents the success of Malaysian in automotive industry. This kind of advantage allowed Proton actively in RD and advertising activities. For recently, everyone knew that both of car manufacture would launch their new MPV car in the market, but their launching date is different. Proton will launch their first MPV car on March 2009 which Perodua launch their new MPV car Alza after eight month of Proton launch it MPV Exora. Late launching their new MPV Alza compare with Proton MPV Exora made Perodua need to capture more sales to increase their sale volume for their new MPV Alza. Beside competition from local manufacture, Perodua also faced problem in coping foreign manufacture like Toyota and Honda as a main competitors. Nowadays, Perodua is using own designer in design new car model. However, lack of expertise makes Perodua slow in launching new car model if compare to other imported car brand. This will lead to customers switch to others newest model in the market. For example, Perodua launch new model in an average of interval 2 years time. It’s consider too long for a highly compete market. It is because car maker launch new model to capture new market, but Perodua react slower than other car maker in launching new model, this will make Perodua lose its market share. For example, Proton is launching their new MPV in March 2009, but Perodua just announce that Perodua MPV will launch in the second half year. This kind of slow action will let competitor, Proton gain the new market share for local made MPV. Raw material price tend to be higher in the future as what the government stated before, because the demand of raw material seem to be exceed resource supply in this recent year. With the emergence of new markets that require the same basic building block to manufacture their own products, a company like Perodua does not only have to compete with competitors in their own industry but also with other industries like Airliner companies. In future time, this situation. will cause Perodua to spend more in buying raw material that needed for car production such as steel, aluminums and etc but it also make them can not competitive with their competitor to produce low cost vehicle. Alternative strategies use by Perodua to solve their problems and challenges Due to the creativity and innovative by human being, technologies are advanced along with time. If we see from marketing perspective, the automotive industry is position at the growth stage in a market life cycle. This means that there is still broadness space for improvement automotive industry one of the examples of innovation is introduction of hybrid vehicles in current market. Based on research, Hybrid gas-electric cars represent one of the automotive industrys fastest growing segments. The concept of Hybrid cars is giving value to the user in terms of convenience and fuel efficiency. Launching new Hybrid car Perodua Bezza in 2015 are one of the alternative competitive advantage take by Perodua to produce new vehicle which have strong demand in market. By launching new Perodua Bezza, they can penetrate in new market to produce this Hybrid car and fulfil their customers need so that they can use this opportunity as their competitive advantage to competitive with other carmaker. Build strong relationship with suppliers also one of the alternative practice by Perodua in order to reduce the raw materials prices. Equipment, machinery, raw materials, and associated services are play a important role to affect Perodua profit. By building a strong and good relationship with suppliers can help Perodua to retain their character to produce low and comfort car to their customer. When Perodua build a strong relationship with their supplier, the supplier will give them a suitable prices or discount during they purchase materials or services with them. So, build strong relationship with supplier not only can help Perodua to maintain their cost during production but it also can give Perodua a opportunity to continue produce low cost and comfort car for their customers and market. RECOMMENDATION Employee Training Training is a thing that can gain employee experience and expertise in order to increase company overall performance and productivity. Due to the advancement of today technology, company needs more employees that are familiar with new innovation technology and adapt to the revolution. As we see in TOWS matrix, learning centres (strength) and technology innovation (opportunity) is the main factors that directly support this strategy (employee training). There are two alternatives for Perodua to implement their training activity, which is send their workforce to oversea or perform it in local. The benefit for sending their workforce to oversea is, workforce may learn or adapt the technology that is new for them. When they come back to their home country, so they able to apply the knowledge’s and skills that they learned into their job. But, this type of training usually is more costly. Perodua actually may apply second alternative which is perform their activities in local because they already have their own learning centre for their workers. The only thing that they need to improve about their centre is, in terms of quality of the learning centre. Maybe they may recruit some experts from oversea to come here for educating and sharing different experience with their workers. The advantage of this action is, company won’t need to spend a lot of money to send their workers to oversea, by the way workers will expose to new experience even they have been trained in local. All of activities in improving workers skill and expertise can be consider as a functional strategy which is stated under Human Resource Department. Brand Repositioning In Malaysians’ perception, national car is a cheap but low quality car compare to other car brand. It is basically influenced by Proton to the market. Once Proton Wira is launched in Malaysia, many Malaysians buy this car, but this car is come with a lot of problems. This kind of bad perception may also influence the second national car in Malaysia, Perodua. Those customers’ perceptions had been embedded into their mind long time ago. This kind of perceptions may influence the customer’s choices in purchasing a car. Therefore, Perodua need to change customers’ mind in thinking such that way. In this situation, Perodua is facing the issue of brand name that is placed by consumer in a same category of Proton that is representative of low quality. This is a bad image for Perodua and is limiting Perodua in penetrating into more new market. In this kind of situation, Perodua need to clarify that the technology of the Perodua cars are from foreign country, Japan. Japan is a high technology environment in producing car. Those cars produced in Japan are high quality. This make customers in market believe that cars from Japan are good in quality, so they are willing to pay more in order to get a good quality car if compare to cars that produced in local plant. One of the strength for Perodua is that one of the Perodua’s subsidiaries is Daihatsu, and then Toyota is one of the subsidiaries of Daihatsu. Most of the model that launched by Perodua is model of Daihatsu. Perodua can clarify that the quality of car is same with Daihatsu car in Japan. Besides that, Toyota also let the Avanza model being assembled in Perodua plant. That means Perodua’s plant had met the qualification of Toyota in order to assemble it. It’s because Toyota is a good quality car producer. Toyota will not let Perodua assemble their car if Perodua doesn’t have the qualification. The strategy that Perodua should use is functional strategy. In functional strategy, marketing strategy is suitable for Perodua now in order to change the customers’ mind towards brand Perodua. Perodua should reposition its brand in customer’s mind. The repositioning process can be done by launching lots of sales promotion and trade show. In between the trade show, customers can test drive the Perodua’s car. This gives them a chance in testing the real car rather than just listen to others opinions that are not being confirmed yet. Marketing Strategies In terms of marketing strategy, Perodua actually may refer to marketing mix to develop their strategy. There are four elements in marketing mix (4P) which is product, place, price and promotion. The different strategy will be use according to each P. But in this research, we only focus on the 3P’s which is product, price and promotion. For product strategy, Perodua should heavily expend in the R because through this activity only they would know what and how to improve their product. Roughly, the activities that may implement by Perodua towards products are expanding the product features, advantage and benefits (FAB). Feature is a physical characteristic that owned by the product itself like size, color and shape. Advantage is performance characteristic like the function of the product. However benefit is a result of advantage which is after use benefits. It can be divided into practical benefit and psychological benefit. For pricing strategy, Perodua should reconsider their supply chain in order to minimize their production cost. They actually can dealing with their existing supplier or select new one to cut off the raw material price as much as they can. When raw material acquisition price getting low then it will directly leads to the lower selling price to end consumer. The flows of supply chain are very important for a company in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. If they manage to operate it supply chain effectively so it will increase the performance of the company. However for promotion, there are many tools can be use by Perodua to implement their promotion activities. We recommend Perodua to focus on advertising and sales promotion to promote their product. If we compare to other competitors, Perodua advertisement is rarely appear in media. It may cause to lack of awareness by consumer towards a Perodua product. As we know, television is the best medium for marketer to communicate their product to the consumer because it is large number of the audience. So, maybe action that can be taken by Perodua is to develop more attractive advertisement and post it to the high exposure media to increase the consumer awareness. In price promotion, maybe Perodua could give some incentives or discount to the car buyer to persuade them to purchase the car. Example, they could pull down their price during the promotion period (during fair or road show) to attract people to buy. As a conclusion, all of these marketing activities and programs are falls under functional strategy (Marketing Department). Create more new car models The typical business firm usually considers three type of strategy which is corporate, business, and functional but it is only emphasized in business and functional strategy in this generating alternative strategy by using Tows Matrix. Firstly, business strategies are divided into two categories, competitive and cooperative strategies. Perodua would use competitive strategies in the car industry. In competitive strategy, Perodua is encouraged to implement niche-low-cost-differentiation strategy. Perodua should more create new models by fulfill the different segment of customers requirement. For example, the smallest family will buy smaller car such as Myvi and the biggest family will choose to buy multi-purpose vehicle. Besides that, Perodua must maintain the producing cost in order to compete with others. If the prices were approximately close to or expensive than foreign cars, domestic consumers would shift to buy foreign cars. As a carmaker, the company must sensitive to the requirement of the market. The company needs to come out different car models to attract more potential customers and customers will have more choices to buy a compatible car. Perodua was produced various car models such as Perodua Kancil (1994), Perodua Rusa (1996), Perodua Kembara (1998-2008), Perodua Kenari (2000), Perodua Kelisa (2001), Perodua Myvi (2005), Perodua Viva (2007) and Perodua Nautica (2008). It shows that Perodua was slowness in creating new car models. Perodua normally spend in between of one to four years for creating new car models. On the orders hand, the Daihatsu is one of the partners of Perodua Company was produced new models fastest than Perodua such as Daihatsu Valera (1996-2001), Daihatsu Gran Move(1996-2002), Daihatsu Move (1997-2002), Daihatsu Terios (1997-2005), Daihatsu Sirion (1998-2004), Daihatsu Mira Gino (1999-2004), Daihatsu Naked (2000-2004), Daihatsu Copen (2002), Daihatsu Tanto (2003), Daihatsu Xenia (2003), Daihatsu Esse(2005), Daihatsu Sonica (2005). Base on information, it is clearly stated that Daihatsu probably create new models in every year. Daihatsu was founded in 1907. It is easy for Daihatsu to create new car models in every year because it has longer car making experience. Daihatsu should send some expatriates to guide Perodua to built new car models because Daihatsu has enough expertise in producing car. Furthermore, the new models of Perodua was always depend on Daihatsu, therefore it will consume long period to launch a new models in domestic market. This may put Perodua behind others competitor and it may lost an opportunity for Perodua to capture more market share. In fact, there are several of cars which is rebadged from Daihatsu’s car models which is Perodua Kancil (1994) is rebadged third/fourth generation of the Mira (1990-1994), Perodua Kelisa (2002) is rebadged fifth generation of the Mira (1995) and Perodua Viva (2007) is rebadged sixth generation of the Mira (2002) which mean Perodua always rely on modification of Daihatsu models. Therefore, Daihatsu should give authorization for Perodua to developed new models because Perodua was more familiar with local customer needs and preferences. This is a win-win situation for both companies which mean Daihatsu can earn more profits in term of creating more new car models by Perodua. Moreover, Perodua is given a chance to develop their potential in creating a new car models and it is indirectly create job opportunity for local market which can build company a good reputation. Secondly is functional strategy, Perodua should concentrate in financial strategy and Research, and Development strategy (R D) and Human Resource Management strategy (HRM). In financial strategy, Perodua should control the cost of create a new car models whether it is over budget. Perodua might spend in promotion cost to exposure the existence of new car models and R D cost for produce a good quality and innovation cars. In R D strategy, Perodua can either choose technological leader or technological follower. Perodua would choose technological followership because it is lower the cost of product or value activities by learning from the leader’s experience such as their partner Daihatsu. Daihatsu was supply those car components and designs which mean Perodua does not actually produce any in house designs or engineering for the main components. Base on the Human Resource Management (HRM) strategy, Perodua can create its own car models by training local people rather than always depend on its partner-Daihatsu. By creating more new idea, Perodua suggest to cultivate talent people through giving scholarship for local students to study the course of Transportation design. The local students have opportunity to learn the skills of design of cars. For example, the Umea Institute of Design at Umea University Sweden offering young design students from all over the world to its two-year Master of Arts degree program in Transportation Design. Training local employee is cheaper than sending foreign expertise to develop the company. Improvement of car feature and car design Automotive design is primarily concerned with developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of the vehicle and also involved in the creation of the product concept. Moreover, automotive design consists 3 main parts which is interior design, exterior design, and color and trim design. Therefore, it is one of the important parts in making a car. Before go in more depth for the explanation, it is important to know what is the differences between all the 3 kinds of design. Simply put, the responsible for the design of the exterior of the vehicle is to develop the proportions, shape, and surfaces of the vehicle. However, the responsible for the design of the vehicle interior develops the proportions, shape, placement, and surfaces for the instrument panel, seats, door trim panels, headliner, pillar trims, and etc. Here the emphasis is on the comfort of the passengers. For the color and trim design, it’s responsible for the research, design, and development of all interior and exterior colors and materials used on a vehicle. These include paints, plastics, fabric designs, leather, grains, carpet, headliner, wood trim, and so on. Color, contrast, texture, and pattern must be carefully combined to give the vehicle a unique interior environment experience. As we know, Perodua has come out one series of automobile since it founded in Malaysia; Kancil (year of 1994), Kelisa (year of 2001), Kenari (year of 2000), Myvi (year of 2005), Viva (year of 2007), and the most recently is Nautica which is in the year of 2008. Although the car designs is different from each other in terms of exterior design, interior design, and color and trim design; yet there serve a same purpose for each design which mean it’s wanted to make the automobile more attractive to look, easily and convenient to use, and so on. For example, headlamp, front turn signal, this is all the aspect that must be consider when design a car because this is a basic needs for each and every vehicles. Without these facilities, it is worthless for one vehicle and indeed, it can’t count as an automobile. A good design for these facilities is a bonus and can reinforce the perception of the user on Perodua automobile. Hence, Perodua must perceive a way to improve its car design in order to boost the sales and performance of the company. There is some ways to achieve this objective, firstly, Perodua can organize a car design competition via university or open to everyone that is interested. For example, Domus Academy and Audi Group have launched the second edition of the Desire Design Competition, which asks participants to create a dream car and offers scholarships for the 2009-2010 Master in Car Design. This is a reciprocal strategy for both parties which mean that Perodua can buy and capture the creative idea as much as they want from the participants; while in return, Perodua can offer a job for who is winning in the competition and help him or her in building her or his career path. This indirectly can build a strong brand name and a great reputation in the society. For this case, it can say that Perodua has to focus on its human resources functional strategy. In this competitive and changing business environment, Perodua has to always ensure that it company is capable enough to deal with this changing environment. As we know, employees are the one who running the whole company, it can reflect that human resources are playing the essential role and human resources were so the valuable assets to one company. Therefore, Perodua should act as a talent scout to search for the talented performer through organizing some activities and have to appreciate every talent employee who is fully contributed to their company. Secondly, company must set a goal to encourage their employee to getting award because t show that the company is putting a lot of effort on designing a car and thus, achieving high sales is not a big deal for that particular company. As a proof, the ever popular MYVI which was launched on 25th May 2005 has been awarded the prestigious BEST MODEL OF THE YEAR (MALAYSIA) award from Frost Sullivan. Frost and Sullivan is an internationally renowned growth consultancy company and are represented in various countries around the world. The company honors and recognizes companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service and strategic product development. Award recipients at the Frost Sullivan ASEAN Automotive Awards is noted to clearly demonstrate outstanding leadership in their own market segments and have utmost focus on a customer centric strategy. Several evaluation criteria that were taken into consideration were; revenue growth, market share, growth in market share, leadership in product innovation, marketing strategy and business development strategy. Therefore, it is clearly to state that one good design car and good feature car have a direct relationship with the sales. It is because customer will only buy a car that they are affordable but also possess a good design and good feature on it. Improvement of car quality It has been 10 years since Perodua was established as the second national car-maker and within a decade, it has risen to the challenge and become a household name in Malaysia. Starting from scratch, Perodua quickly rose to become the No. 2 automotive brand in the country, a position it has maintained till today. Meanwhile, PERODUA was so the first car manufacturer in Malaysia to achieve the prestigious ISO 9002 and ISO 9001 certification awarded by the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) from the United Kingdom. To maintain its position in the local marketplace, Perodua need to ensure that there is always an improvement for the vehicles they produce but still at an affordable price. There are many dimension of quality which is performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. One quality car is also means that it is a safety car at the same times in the perception of the passengers or occupants. First and foremost, we know that supplier is playing an important role in regard with the car quality improvement. Therefore, Perodua has to ensure it choosing a trustable supplier who is supply the quality auto parts in producing a quality vehicles. Hence, it shouldn’t overlook each and every small accessories part, sometimes it couldn’t be success without these little small auto parts contribution. From this point of view, it is important to know that here the growth strategy in the corporation strategy is playing a crucial role. We suggest Perodua to have a cooperative contractual relationship with their suppliers which mean Perodua purchase the resources from its supplier through long term contract instead of keep on changing it auto part supplier. This long-term relationship can bring a win-win situation for both parties. Secondly, practicing quality control in the assembly process can ensure the output its produce is meeting the standards and quality. What is so called a quality car? It can measure in term of durability and performance. One good performance car is easy to be control by occupants because of its good car structure, horsepower, engine and etc. Moreover, normally a car still can function after use up to quite a long time only it can counted as a durable car otherwise it may not worth to buy a car that only can last for 2 to 3 years. It is because transportation nowadays is a very important element that everyone must use it every day even they can just afford to have a compact but not a luxury car, but at least have one for every household. In this scenario, implementing a quality control in the assembly process is related with the quality control functional strategy. his quality control department is responsible to ensure each and every stages that implement in the assembly process must meeting the standard, hence, it can reduce the repairing cost, lost of sales cost, and etc. Besides from product quality, services quality before and after-sale services is also a very important element to the company to converting buyers into die-hard fans and improve company image. The after-sales objectives is fulfill customer satisfactio n, customer retention, efficiency in work and job flow, both for the distributor and dealer, and high service absorption for dealers. Perodua services provided such as maintenance service packages (from 1,000km till 100,000km). Service interval at every 5,000km or 3 months whichever earlier, 45 minutes vehicle serviced without any complaint, part replacement and repair, an accident repair body repair, insurance claim, Insurance road tax renewal, warranty job, air-conditioner service, radiator coolant, replacement brake bleeding system, front bear brake Service, valve clearance adjustment ,V-belt replacement, and wiper blade replacement service. Perodua needs to improve the services quality of before sale and after-sale services. The company should concentrate in functional strategy. In the functional strategy, Perodua is suggesting to implement human resource management (HRM) strategy and information technology strategy. In the human resource management, manager should do appraisal of worker performance such as 360-degree appraisal. This might help the company to increase workers performance and job satisfaction. A competent and customer-focused service and parts business can be achieved only with competent and service-oriented staff. Perodua responsible to give training specialist After-Sales staff to upgrade their performances and skills. Training program that included of teach employee about the manners to deal with the customers start from before sales until after-sales services. Furthermore, Perodua should increasingly use the information technology to provide business units with competitive advantage. Perodua must always upload the latest information in the webpage such as latest services provided, latest new car models, latest prices and activities launch by showroom. Perodua is recommended launching mail-order companies, among other factors, on the opportunity that the customer has of paying in installments. Clearly this incentive could serve as a loyalty retention scheme as the customer is bound for the credit period. Moreover, customers frequently burden by monthly installment, producers’ banks might offering finance schemes for new cars might also consider offering the end customer financing for after-sales products. Reference 2009 Perodua MPV Rendered Speculation, Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/09/21/2009-perodua-mpv-rendered-speculation/ 2009 Perodua MPV:new artists impression. Retrieved February 21, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/11/06/2009-perodua-mpv-new-artists-impression/ Corporate Information. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://www. perodua. com. my/index. php? section=corporate Desire Design Competition 2008. Retrieved at, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , from http://www. carbodydesign. com/archive/2008/11/18-desire-design-competition-2008/ Perodua. Retrieved at, †¦. from, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Perodua Perodua’s New Learning Centre. Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. fleet-asia. com/news/2008/12/perodua%E2%80%99s_new_learning_centre The Development of the Automobile Industry and the Road Ahead http://www. statistics. gov. my/eng/images/stories/files/journalDOSM/V204_AUTOMOBILE. pdf [pic]

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Multiculturalism Cultures and Traditions

Question: Describe about the Multiculturalism for Cultures and Traditions. Answer: An introduction Identification of the issue (background information) Multicultural refers to the acceptance, mutual existence, as well as, promotion of a range of cultures and traditions, in a single jurisdiction, generally consisting of the overseas ethnic groups, as well as, the aboriginal ethnic groups. Multiculturalism was introduced during the 1970s in Australia (Calma, 2007). Since then, the core principles of multiculturalism have remained the same in a broad sense. But the basic federal multicultural policy statements have changed and evolved, from the time it was introduced, as a result of the changed government responses, along with the priorities towards the dynamic Australian society. The multicultural policy of Australia has its heritage in the post settlement issues faced by migrants and the government response regarding the same, across the 1980s-1990s. At present, each of the state and territory in Australia has active programs and policies to deal with multiculturalism. Statement of position (main thesis statement) Australia is a successful example of the multiculturalism in action. Even though the multiculturalism in Australia has undergone some important changes, from the time it was taken upon as a government policy in 1970s, it has been, in general, considered as a successful undertaking which has quite clearly contributed towards the solidity of the Australian society (Calma, 2007). This paper is aimed towards supporting the statement that Australia is indeed a successful example of the multiculturalism. In the following parts, the various factors that make multiculturalism a success in Australia have been highlighted. Further, the limitations which could affect this success have also been explained. Lastly, the supporting data has been presented which supports the thesis statement. The body Summary Multiculturalism is sometimes viewed as a simple collection of the non-discriminatory immigration policies and diverse population, but it is much more than that. Multiculturalism is rooted in the traditional Australian values (Living Safe Together, 2016). The government policies of Australia have expressed the relevance of multiculturalism, to all its citizens in the 1980s, but multiculturalism has grown beyond its originating point, by becoming a pillar in the nation-building narratives of Australia. The multiculturalism policies generated programs and services have served the migrants entering in the country from across the globe, for a number of years. At present, multiple generations of such migrants, having different cultural backgrounds, have grown up in the societies of Australia, and contribute towards the diversity of the country, as well as, helps in growing the global connectivity. Limitations Multiculturalism has been contested historically, both on the basis of the concept, as well as, the policy framework. Mark Lopez has argued that amid the supporters of this concept, there has been a divergence in the approaches (Lopez, 2000). The different schools of multicultural thoughts have advocated different range of concepts like ethnic structural pluralism, ethnic rights multiculturalism, cultural pluralism, and welfare multiculturalism. Historian Geoffrey Blainey had viewed that the concept of multiculturalism encouraged ethnic tribalism (Koleth, 2010). A range of conservative commentators, as well as, politicians echoed this view. Further, this was supported by the evidence that emerged regarding the resultant resentment and confusion concerning the different aspects of the policy associated with multiculturalism, amongst the common man, in spite of the attempts by the officials to characterise it as encompassing all the Australians. Lopez has further argued that towards the mid of the 1990s, a few of the early supporters of multiculturalism, like, Sir James Gobbo, along with Jerzy Zubrzycki, were engaged in the 'post-multicultural' theories and suggested that the concept of 'multiculturalism' should be replaced with the concept of 'cultural diversity' (Koleth, 2010). The reason behind the demand for change in the concept was that, as per such proponents, multiculturalism was a 'self-conscious' term which should not be used as it was not necessary and had outlived its purpose. Some of the other commentators, like Chandran Kukathas, assumed the position, which was described by them as classical liberal, and argued that multiculturalism was simply a single feature of pluralism (Koleth, 2010). They further viewed that the public establishments needed to be nonaligned, neutral, as well as, concerned with the respect for the individual freedoms and rights, along with ensuring tolerance, instead of facilitating the int erests of such collective groups in the society. So, the critics of multiculturalism believe this concept promotes segmentation, instead of unity and that it prevents the groups from being integrated towards a common national culture and identity. Thesis Argument The 2015 Mapping Social Cohesion survey, conducted a survey to discover the views of the Australians, regarding the concept of multiculturalism (Scanlon Foundation, 2016). This survey established that 86 % of Australians consented upon the fact that multiculturalism has been good for the country (Markus, 2015). And this level of concurrence has been consistent during the past three years. The concern of the critics seems legitimate, as cultural diversity cannot be fully welcomed without some of the limitations (Koleth, 2010). Further, the policies in this behalf have to be so aimed, to bring the people into the national community, instead of being prevented from doing the same. If the multiculturalism in Australia had to be considered as a failure, the signs of trouble would have been apparent, and the present evidence does not appear to be suggesting any such view (Soutphommasane, 2016). Even the multiculturalisms critics would agree with the social miracle associated with the 20th and 21st centurys migration history. The recent survey on social cohesion, by Scanlon Foundation presented the evidence on the measures of social cohesion and the level of neighbourhoods was included in this survey. The survey portrayed that only 2% of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the people of varied backgrounds got together well enough, in the local areas. And only 3 % of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the mix of such varied backgrounds improved life in their localities (Markus, 2015). Studies from the OECD have clearly demonstrated that the children born to the immigrants in the country, attained higher average results, as compared to the children born to the natives of Australia (OECD, 2012). Similar results have been achieved in the economic participation. Further, the skilled migrants have elevated rates of market participation, as compared to the overall population, and the median annual earning, in the skilled migrants is also higher in comparison to the overall population (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 2014). Furthermore, it has been estimated that out of the immigrants, who have been residing in Australia for more than 10 years, approximately 80% of such immigrants have decided to take up the Australian citizenship (Smith, Wykes, Jayarajah and Fabijanic, 2010). These immigrants have integrated on civil levels by becoming the full members of the nation. So, on these basis of the economic participation, social cohesion, civic integration, and the educational attainment, it can be adjudged that the multicultural society of Australia ha been a success. The reasons for this success is not one, but many. Firstly, due to the well-ordered and well-integrated immigration policy, along with the immigration programs, the public has accepted the cultural diversity and has braced the Australian societys cultural generosity. The multicultural policy which emerged in the 1970s replaced the assimilation approach and instead helped in the adoption of the mass immigration, post the Second World War era (Soutphommasane, 2016). Secondly, unlike the nations like France, Australian society has openly celebrated its cultural diversity, instead of confining the cultural differences to the private realm (Soutphommasane, 2016). Further, Australia has open heartedly welcomed such immigrants by extending the hand of friendship towards the immigrants. As long as such cultural differences are consistent with the Australian democracy, such differences are embraced. Thirdly, this concept has served a range of objectives over the years in Australia, which includes the pursuit of societal justice, nation building, integration of migrants, and the attempts to maintain the social cohesion (Lopez, 2013). Fourthly, the nation of Australia is a migrant nation, and it would not be the contemporary Australia, as we know it, without the mass migration. Apart from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, every person living in the country, is either a migrant himself or is a descendent of such migrant (Ozdowski, 2012). Lastly, with the changes in the immigration policies, over the course of time, the outlook of the Australians and the place in the world, of the country, has changed during the past 200 years. From being insecure, racially intolerant and prejudiced the country of Australia has embraced the diversity by being a multicultural nation. The policies incorporated in this behalf extended to cover the Australian egalitarianism ethos, as well as, liberties to include all the linguistic, religious, as well as, cultural differences within the democratic structures (Ozdowski, 2012). The success of multiculturalism in the case of Australia is the result of the adaptable, as well as, pragmatic approach of the government towards the migration, along with the present social cohesion programs in the public policy. The contemporary multiculturalisms objective is for all the people to participate on the same terms and to access the opportunities, as well as, focus on nation building (Ozdowski, 2012). The objective also negates the need for any separateness or ethnic ghettos from the society in general. The multiculturalism in the country has maintained two key values, which are tolerance of the racial, religious, as well as, cultural differences, which have been underpinned in the values of the Australians. The celebrations of the national day in 2011, witnessed a lot of enthusiastic participants, and the majority of these were the newest citizens of Australia. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, had addressed that the multiculturalism in Germany had failed (Bowen, 2011). And since then, it has become a fashion to declare that multiculturalism has been a failure, and often has been blamed for terrorism. But in the case of Australian multiculturalism, it has been a success, for numerous reasons. The immigrants in the country have the freedom to follow their culture, as long as these are consistent with the values of Australia, the rule of law, as well as, the individual freedom (Department of Social Services, 2014). There is also a genius in the multiculturalism of Australia, as this is citizenship-based, so in order to fully enjoy the benefits of the society of Australia, a person is required to take the pledge of commitment. The post war immigration policy of Australia was initially motivated by the economic imperatives, but with passage of time, the Australia, Government realized the advantages of inviting a complete participation of the community, by the immigrant populations, in return for gaining respect for, as well as embracing of, the cultures along with the customs brought by such immigrants, with them (Lopez, 2013). This very realization, underlines the advantages of the approach adopted by Australia. During this journey of multiculturalism, each wave of the immigrants has faced numerous challenges and every generation has had the anxiety about the unfamiliarity. The allegations that such migrants come to convert the population, as well as, the beliefs of the Australians, are completely wrong. Chris Bowen, who was the Minister for Immigration in the year 2011, believed that if Australia wants to be free and equal, then it has to be multicultural. He further believed that if Australia wants to be multicultural, it has to remain free and equal (Bowen, 2011). A conclusion Summary and Recommendations The theme behind this success is the government policies in the matter of multiculturalism, as well as, the fact that Australia is an immigrant nation. The implementation of the goal oriented, as well as, adaptable approach towards the migration, has led to the success of the multiculturalism in Australia, as a nation policy, since its inception. The multiculturalism policy in Australia has laid down the guiding ethos for equitable, just process, as well as, dignified integration. Multiculturalism is an asset which has to be accommodated and fostered. The multiculturalism policy in Australia was introduced to deal with the settlement needs of the migrants, in order to recognize the preservation of the cultural identities. The data provided in the previous part, clearly established that multiculturalism has been a success in the country, and even highlighted the reasons behind this success. Though, there are still issues faced by multicultural societies regarding social cohesion. Even after the various policies implemented by the government, there still remains inhibitions regarding the acceptance of multiculturalism concept. Further, people still view it as a way of creating division. So, it is recommended to ensure the proper application of the current policy of multiculturalism. Further, awareness needs to be spread to remove such inhibitions from the opponents of this concept. Furthermore, continued government support is a fundamental requirement to support the cultural diversity of the Australian society and this commitment has to be reflected through the governmental policies. To conclude, it can be said, that multiculturalism has been a huge and clear success in Australia. References Bowen, C. (2011) What makes multiculturalism great is mutual respect. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/what-makes-multiculturalism-great-is-mutual-respect-20110216-1awik.html [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Calma, T. (2007) Multiculturalism. [Online] Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Available from: https://www.tellmesomethingidontknow.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/racial_discrimination/multiculturalism/multiculturalism2007.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Department of Immigration and Border Protection (2014). Australias Migration Trends 2013-14. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, pp 118. Department of Social Services. (2014) What is multiculturalism? [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/national-agenda-for-a-multicultural-australia/what-is-multiculturalism [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Koleth, E. (2010) Multiculturalism: a review of Australian policy statements and recent debates in Australia and overseas. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp06#_ftnref160 [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Living Safe Together. (2016) Multicultural Australia. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/informationadvice/Pages/Multicultural-Australia.aspx [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, G.G.S. (2013) Multiculturalism, Migration, Governance in Australia. [Online] E-International Relations Students. Available from: https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/01/multiculturalism-migration-governance-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, M. (2000)The origins of multiculturalism in Australian politics 19451975. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp. 447448 Markus, A. (2015) Mapping Social Cohesion National Report 2015. [Online] Scanlon Foundation and Monash University. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-Mapping-Social-Cohesion-Report.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] OECD. (2012) Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. [Online] OECD. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en[Accessed on: 13/10/16] Ozdowski, S. (2012) Australian Multiculturalism: the roots of its success. [Online] Western University Sydney. Available from: https://www.uws.edu.au/equity_diversity/equity_and_diversity/tools_and_resources/reportsandpubs/australian_multiculturalism_the_roots_of_its_success [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Scanlon Foundation. (2016) 26 February 2016 Multiculturalism a success, but a multilayered concept in Australia. [Online] Scanlon Foundation. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/26-february-2016-multiculturalism-a-success-but-a-multilayered-concept-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Smith, D., Wykes, J., Jayarajah, S., and Fabijanic, T. (2010) Citizenship in Australia. [Online] Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Available from: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/citizenship-in-australia-2011.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Soutphommasane, T. (2016) The Success of Australias Multiculturalism. [Online] Australian Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/success-australia-s-multiculturalism#fnB4 [Accessed on: 13/10/16]