Standardized Testing Is An Epidemic Rising All Over The...

Standardize testing is an epidemic rising all over the country. Many ask what standardize testing is? Standardize testing is defined as any form of test that requires the same question to be answered, in the same concept, and that is scored using a consistent manner, which is unfair to the tester (â€Å"Standardized Test†). Testing the students for the rating of the teachers and the placement of the schools is absolutely absurd. This academic issue is nationwide and especially in West Virginia. What might we do to better the validity of standardize testing? Is standardized testing really the best way to measure the students’ academic ability? For more than 50 years’ students have been pulling out no. 2 pencils and filling in the circles. (â€Å"Fetcher†). Today students 4th grade to 11th grade is put under extensive pressure due to the testing. Instructors begin the year informing students what the curriculum will be for the test. Every chapter read, every test taken, each quiz and group discussions all should enhance the standardize testing. George W Bush was the singing president for the No Child Left Behind Act in the early 2000s. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) basically holds the school responsible for the academic progress of all students. Laws state â€Å"states must test students in reading and math in grades 3 through 11th (Klein). Each induvial state can choose regulations and to decide what test they should use. In 2005 states did not reach 100 percent of theShow MoreRelatedPresident George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act Of 20071263 Words   |  6 PagesPolitics have made up a large part of public education in the United States of America since Anglo-Saxons came over from Europe. The effects that politics and governmental policies have had on public education have been evident throughout the history of the United States and are still apparent today. 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Purpose The overall purpose of the review was to observe the policy strategies that the state, local, and school districts have adopted and implemented and to focus on the fact that more research on the impact ofRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )2303 Words   |  10 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, has become a very prevalent mental disorder in children across the United States. In fact, as of 2011, 11 percent of all children ages four to seventeen had been diagnosed with ADHD (â€Å"ADHD Throughout the Years†). With the growing number of children diagnosed, the number of people skeptical of the amount of stimulants being handed out also grew. One problem is the vagueness of the definition. One dictionary defines ADHD as, â€Å"a condition, usually inRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesunparalleled powers to harm life as we know it - and for all future generations. Updated 2009. Comments email: naturolism@gmail.com More blue underlined links shortly in an ongoing update. Sign up now for our Newsletter to get invaluable updates and more Introduction What is called biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all of us. Largely between 1997 and 1999, genetically modified (GM) food ingredients suddenly appeared in 2/3rds of all US processed foods. This food alteration was fueledRead MoreMcFit Marketing Strategy Plan Essay5504 Words   |  23 Pageseating habits of residents in Singapore and found new evidence that a diet heavy in fast food increases the risk of developing Type Two diabetes and coronary heart disease (University of Minnesota, 2012, p. 1). Health care costs and rising ailments have prompted more people to think about what they put into their bodies. In accordance with healthier thinking, fast food restaurants need to evolve enough to meet the latest demands or prepare for the end of a leveling business cycle. ToRead More Noise Pollution Essay5677 Words   |  23 Pagesdisturbing sound that causes a nuisance in the eye of the beholder. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, have been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper, the cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented in some detailRead MoreCase Study in Nursing8060 Words   |  33 Pagesthe most common forms of CAH to chromosome 6. DNA testing is available for di agnosis of CAH and to detect carriers of the gene mutations. Figure 1 These particular groups of genes contain instructions the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidneys) need in order to produce an enzyme called 21-hydroxylase. Without this enzyme, the adrenal glands are unable to produce cortisol, a hormone necessary for life. In addition, over 75 percent of all individuals with  Classical_CAH  also lack another

Describe Two Models for Change. Include Appropriate...

Describe two models for change. Include appropriate examples in your answer. The two models for to be considered and discussed in this section are the Business Process Re-engineering and Kaizen models. Business Process Re-engineering Definition The world today is ever changing, moving from one phase to the other and the only thing that does not change is ‘change’ itself. As the modern business environment is propelled by the three Cs namely Customer, Competition and Change, organisations are always looking for new business innovations to salvage their ailing enterprise. (Hammer and Champy, 1993) One of such solutions that have been identified and used by many companies is the Business Process Re-engineering or shortened as BPR. There†¦show more content†¦Its implementation has resulted in employees being laid off in the organization. Also, the operation of the reorganised processes in some instances is like working a complex production line. (Senior, 2002:109) Further, Weicher et al (1995) observed that BPR does not have the qualities of a scientific theory as, among other things, it is limited in scope and not duplicable. Paradoxically, BPR advocates and stresses teamwork but in actual fact, the process must be driven by a ruthless manager. (Weicher et al,1995). Moreover, the failure rate of the BPR process application is astronomical. Bryant (1998) put the BPR initiative failure rate at 80% while Bywater (1997) pegged the failure rate at 70%. Even the leading proponent of BPR, Michael Hammer, has admitted that in about 70% cases of the re-engineered organisatons, most have come out worse off than better off. (Burnes, 2004) Most of these failures can be adduced to exaggerated expectations in respect of the potential benefits from a BPR initiative and consequently failure to achieve the expected results. There is also the implementation of generic so-called best-practice processes that do not correspond to specific organisation needs. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Online) In addition, too much trust is placed inShow MoreRelatedIfsm300 Umuc Haircuts Case Study Stage 1-5 Assignment Ifsm 300 Umuc Haircuts Case Study Stage 1-5 Assignment5162 Words   |  21 PagesStudy STAGE 1-5 assignment Click below link for Answer visit http://workbank247.com/ http://workbank247.com/q/ifsm300-umuc-haircuts-case-study-stage-1-5-assignm/11696 http://workbank247.com/q/ifsm300-umuc-haircuts-case-study-stage-1-5-assignm/11696 Case Study, Stage 1: Business Environment Analysis Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the â€Å"UMUC Haircuts Case Study† and be sure to take a look at the â€Å"Walmart Example.† Purpose of this Assignment This assignmentRead MorePrecede or Proceed Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages1.) 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Automotive Industry and Car free essay sample

Company History Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (PERODUA), established in 1993, is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partners. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Perodua mainly produces small-compact cars therefore does not directly compete with Proton for the same market niche. In the United Kingdom their cars are sold by Proton dealers who wish to attract customers seeking a smaller and cheaper alternative to the Proton range. Besides the UK and Singapore, Perodua also exports their cars to Brunei, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Nepal And Mauritius in small numbers by local dealers. The company started operations in 1994 and the ever so popular Perodua Kancil was introduced to the Malaysian market in August the same year. To date, the following vehicles have rolled out of the Perodua plant: †¢ The Perodua Rusa March 1996 †¢ The Perodua Kembara August 1998 †¢ The Perodua Kenari – June 2000 The Perodua Kelisa – August 2001 †¢ The Perodua Myvi – May 2005 †¢ The Perodua Viva – May 2007 †¢ The Perodua Nuatica 4WD – May 2008 †¢ The Perodua Alza – November 2009 As of 30 September 2010, Perodua has sold some 1. 85 million units of vehicles of various models. Perodua headquarters is located on an 138-hectare site in Sungai Choh, Rawang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. It houses among others Perodua corporate building, RD testing laboratories and styling studio, vehicle test track, manufacturing plant, engine plant, pre-delivery inspection area, vehicle distribution stockyard and parts warehouse. Perodua Auto Corporation Sdn Bhd (PCSB) was established in the final quarter of 2001. Besides Perodua, the two other joint venture partners of PCSB are Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. and Mitsui Co. Ltd both of Japan. The manufacturing operations of the Perodua Group are being managed by PCSB. Recent Company Development As compared to Proton, Perodua has been quite successful in its business ventures. Its cars are very popular among Malaysians such as the recently introduced Perodua Myvi, which sold 7413 units in October 2010, outselling its rival’s bestselling car, the Proton Saga, which only sold 6535 units in Malaysia. In 2009 and 2010, Perodua became the bestselling car company in Malaysia. It is because Perodua knows how to fulfill the customer needs such as saving the transportation cost, customers don’t need spending a lot on petrol. Effect of the economy recession, consumers would like to buy a car which can save cost. The company knows Perodua Myvi has good market demand, without losing such great opportunity, at July  07, 2010; Perodua launched a Myvi Limited Edition (Myvi LE)with added features to make it even more appealing to Malaysians. The new car has been given a fresh exterior look with newly design fog lamps, front grille, hood, grade mark with exclusive Limited Edition and emblem while the interior has been updated with new exclusive fabric, decorative cubic painting centre cluster, silver painted chrome finishing steering wheel, chrome door inner handle. For further comfort and satefy, radio CD-player with MP3/WMA,USB Bluetooth and dual SRS airbags at driver passenger have also been added in. Prices for the Myvi LE range between RM48,100 to RM48,600. New colour has been added; Dazzling Red. SWOT Analysis Strength 80/20 rule The price that offered by Perodua is cheaper compared to other competitors. Almost 80% of Malaysians are affordable to purchase Perodua’s product. 80% of Malaysians are employees; they can’t afford to pay more in buying a vehicle. So that, Perodua’s car will become one of their choices when they are planning to buy a car. According to 80/20 rule, 80% of Malaysians are affordable to buy the car; it’s a good for Perodua. Affiliate with Japanese car maker Perodua is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese partner. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd with 38% stake, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd. (20%), MBM Resources Bhd (20%), PNB Equity Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (10%), Mitsui Co. Ltd (7%) and Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (5%). Among those shareholders, Daihatsu is a Japanese car brand; its biggest shareholder is Toyota Motor Corp. This make Perodua indirectly linked to Toyota. Learning centre Perodua launch its learning centre on 4 December. The learning centre provides lots of course for those who are interested to join the automobile industry. Besides that, Perodua also provide courses for the engineers inside the company. Those courses can help them to improve their technical skills and working experience. There are 2 courses provided by Perodua, they are Perodua Technical Education System (PTES) and Perodua Technical Education System (Advance). Perodua also conduct special programmers for school leavers (SPM) such as Perodua Youth Training Programmed (PYTP). Those school leavers are recruited and train in-house until they qualify to MLVK Level 1. This PYTP is enabling young people to gain valuable knowledge and skills that increase their chances of employment. Entities of Perodua Group There are 3 entities inside Perodua Group. Those 3 entities are Perodua Sales Sdn Bhd (PSSB), Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PMSB) and Perodua Engine Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PEMSB). Those entities are working on their own basis, for example PSSB is monitor on the sales of products and services. This kind of distribution can make the managing process become easier. Top management can easily monitor those 3 entities in terms of their own working basis. This can reduce conflict between those entities and increase efficiency of managing and manufacturing process among these entities. Weakness Lack of expertise in design Perodua’s car doesn’t have a nice appearance compare to other imported car. It is because Perodua doesn’t have enough designer in designing car models if compare to other imported car makers. This is a weakness for Perodua in order to compete with competitors, such as Proton. Although Perodua had just launched its learning centre, but the learning centre doesn’t provide courses of designing a car. This learning centre can’t help Perodua in terms of increase the expertise of designers in-house. Some of the car model that launch by Perodua is taken from Daihatsu, for example Perodua Kancil’s original model design is copied from Daihatsu Mira. Although there is no Daihatsu Mira in Malaysia, but it’s very easy for those car lover to recognize it. This will lead to the perception of Malaysian that Perodua duplicate the model from Daihatsu; this will affect the reputation of Perodua. Production cost increase The instability of economy in year 2008 made lots of businesses collapse. This economy recession also affect Perodua in terms of production cost. The instability of economy make Perodua production cost increase, this will decrease the marginal profit for the sales. Decrease in profit will affect to the research and development. It is because if the profit become lower than before, the company will cut off some cost to prevent lost in the financial. This will lead to low RD in terms of production and manufacturing. Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) | | |Internal Strategic Factors |Comment | |Strength | | |S1. Reasonable price |Affordable by public | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |Positive image | |S3. Learning Centre |More expertise trained | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups |Less conflict | |Weakness | | |W1. Lack of expertise |Lack of designer | |W2. Increase of production cost |Lowering the profit | Opportunities Low Fuel Price Due to the market fuel price is getting low; now people are switching their lifestyles. Recently, people prefer to have their own car rather than using public transport. They are preferably to pay more in buying car rather than to pay the expensive fuel rate, because petrol is being use every time, everywhere. Actually there is indirect negative relationship between fuel price and the demand of car. When fuel price is decreasing, the demand of car will be increase. Why is it like these, because fuel is the complement product for cars so people will increase their usage of the car when the fuel price is getting low, therefore automatically the demand of car will increase rapidly. Government Protection Government provides sufficient protection for local industry especially in automotive industry because there only have two domestic automotive manufactures which is Perodua and Proton. They stated many policy over the foreign company like tariff and non- tariff barrier to control the import rate. Usually government will charge high tax or duty on imported cars, or in other way they will set a quota for the imported cars. All regulation made by government is to look after local industry and prevent market cannibalization by foreigner. Protection given by government provided opportunity for Perodua to sustain their position in domestic industry and also dominate the Malaysian market. Consumer Lifestyle Change The lifestyle is changing over time, therefore needs and wants for consumers always differ from time to time, it actually depend on the market trend. Perodua choose to target on people who prefer compact-cars. Now a day, people demand to be more convenient in all aspect, that why they choose compact-car because it is more convenient and save space when you park it. In this context, they are considering has been successful because Perodua has a good position in the compact-car segment, which is a growing market internationally. Its Myvi model has been particularly successful. Green Car Technology Now a day, people are changing their notion and more concerning on the environmental friendly product. The advancement of technology in Lithium-ion Batteries also creates an opportunity to automotive industry to enter into the new segment. Commonly, we only heard lithium-ion batteries has helped create a market for notebook computers, cell phones, and other portable devices, from the iPod to the BlackBerry. Researchers have toiled for many years in attempts to scale this technology for use in automotive traction batteries. While the benefit for consumers could be revolutionary-and could open the door to plug-in hybrids and battery-electric vehicles-challenges remain significant. This session emphasized economic and environmental strategy rather than chemistry and engineering. Based on what researcher has done before, there is future opportunity for Perodua to focus on this potential market. Threats Consumer Perceptions towards Quality Perception of consumer is major factor that affect customer purchase decision. Customers are considering close to the buying process when they have a good perception toward a certain product. In opposite, if customer has a negative perception towards a product, therefore they would never purchase that product. Basically, Malaysian prefers to buy something that is produce by foreign manufacture because the perception in their mind stated that foreign products to be more quality compare with domestic product. As an evident of statement, we take an example in UK market; Perodua was poor publicity and researcher critic Kelisa as worst car in the world because of their quality. This is a huge threat for Perodua in targeting oversea market in the future. Economic Recession The researcher already made an assumption; there will be an economic recession in all country in these coming years. The recession will cause country facing a crisis in economic, then will give a huge impact on the global market and industry. Therefore, the rate of unemployment will be increase and more workers will lose their job soon. When people lose their job, they have no any income, by this, they will not spending in buying luxury item like cars. This is not only caused by the loss of jobs within the country suffering from recession but also due to the fact the value of a countries currency also suffers heavily in a recession, which causes the price of items to increase which includes items like raw materials, this again makes it impossible for Perodua not to raise their prices, making sales dwindle further Government control Before that, government is encouraging people to buy car because of to increase the performance of country economic. Government is providing loan openly for who that desire to have their own car. But in recent years, government is changing their policies to reduce the rate of loan provision. Only people that fulfill the requirement are qualified to get loan. Action that taking by government is forced by traffic congestion condition. Therefore, government tries to control the number of car in the road by reducing the car loan provision. This will cause the Perodua sales fall down because people will be not interested to buy car when they can’t get a loan. The high rate of air pollution caused a large amount of cars also plays an important role in influencing government policy, with the government constantly promoting car pooling and the use of public transport, it is hard to believe that the automotive industry to go undamaged. External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |External Strategic |Comment | |Factors | | |Opportunities | | |O 1. Fuel Price |Complement for automobile. | |O 2. GOV Protection |Protect domestic industry. | |O35. Buyer Lifestyle |Trends. | |O 4. GOV Policy |Incentive for old car trade –in. | |Threats | | |T 1. Customer Perception |Poor publicity. (ex: in U. K) | |T 2. Economic Recession |Consumer buying behavior changed. | |T 3. GOV Control |Due to traffic congestion. Summary of Internal Factors Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) |Strength |Weaknesses | |S1. Reasonable price |T1. Lack of Expertise | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T2. Slow in Launching New Car Model | |S3. Learning Centre |T3. Increase of Production Cost | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | |Opportunities |Threats | |O 1. Fuel Price Strength |T 1. Customer Perception | |S1. Reasonable price |T 2. Economic Recession | |S2. Affiliate with Japanese car maker |T 3. GOV Control | |S3. Learning Centre | | |S4. Entities of Perodua Groups | | Problems and challenges face by Perodua There is vehemence competition in the automotive industry, no matter in domestic or international market. If we look at local automotive anufacture, the main competitor for Perodua is Proton which is introduced the first Malaysian car in local automotive market. Compare with Perodua, government are giving more support to Proton especially in financial part because they are the first mover in this industry for the local industry. Moreover, it also represents the success of Malaysian in automotive industry. This kind of advantage allowed Proton actively in RD and advertising activities. For recently, everyone knew that both of car manufacture would launch their new MPV car in the market, but their launching date is different. Proton will launch their first MPV car on March 2009 which Perodua launch their new MPV car Alza after eight month of Proton launch it MPV Exora. Late launching their new MPV Alza compare with Proton MPV Exora made Perodua need to capture more sales to increase their sale volume for their new MPV Alza. Beside competition from local manufacture, Perodua also faced problem in coping foreign manufacture like Toyota and Honda as a main competitors. Nowadays, Perodua is using own designer in design new car model. However, lack of expertise makes Perodua slow in launching new car model if compare to other imported car brand. This will lead to customers switch to others newest model in the market. For example, Perodua launch new model in an average of interval 2 years time. It’s consider too long for a highly compete market. It is because car maker launch new model to capture new market, but Perodua react slower than other car maker in launching new model, this will make Perodua lose its market share. For example, Proton is launching their new MPV in March 2009, but Perodua just announce that Perodua MPV will launch in the second half year. This kind of slow action will let competitor, Proton gain the new market share for local made MPV. Raw material price tend to be higher in the future as what the government stated before, because the demand of raw material seem to be exceed resource supply in this recent year. With the emergence of new markets that require the same basic building block to manufacture their own products, a company like Perodua does not only have to compete with competitors in their own industry but also with other industries like Airliner companies. In future time, this situation. will cause Perodua to spend more in buying raw material that needed for car production such as steel, aluminums and etc but it also make them can not competitive with their competitor to produce low cost vehicle. Alternative strategies use by Perodua to solve their problems and challenges Due to the creativity and innovative by human being, technologies are advanced along with time. If we see from marketing perspective, the automotive industry is position at the growth stage in a market life cycle. This means that there is still broadness space for improvement automotive industry one of the examples of innovation is introduction of hybrid vehicles in current market. Based on research, Hybrid gas-electric cars represent one of the automotive industrys fastest growing segments. The concept of Hybrid cars is giving value to the user in terms of convenience and fuel efficiency. Launching new Hybrid car Perodua Bezza in 2015 are one of the alternative competitive advantage take by Perodua to produce new vehicle which have strong demand in market. By launching new Perodua Bezza, they can penetrate in new market to produce this Hybrid car and fulfil their customers need so that they can use this opportunity as their competitive advantage to competitive with other carmaker. Build strong relationship with suppliers also one of the alternative practice by Perodua in order to reduce the raw materials prices. Equipment, machinery, raw materials, and associated services are play a important role to affect Perodua profit. By building a strong and good relationship with suppliers can help Perodua to retain their character to produce low and comfort car to their customer. When Perodua build a strong relationship with their supplier, the supplier will give them a suitable prices or discount during they purchase materials or services with them. So, build strong relationship with supplier not only can help Perodua to maintain their cost during production but it also can give Perodua a opportunity to continue produce low cost and comfort car for their customers and market. RECOMMENDATION Employee Training Training is a thing that can gain employee experience and expertise in order to increase company overall performance and productivity. Due to the advancement of today technology, company needs more employees that are familiar with new innovation technology and adapt to the revolution. As we see in TOWS matrix, learning centres (strength) and technology innovation (opportunity) is the main factors that directly support this strategy (employee training). There are two alternatives for Perodua to implement their training activity, which is send their workforce to oversea or perform it in local. The benefit for sending their workforce to oversea is, workforce may learn or adapt the technology that is new for them. When they come back to their home country, so they able to apply the knowledge’s and skills that they learned into their job. But, this type of training usually is more costly. Perodua actually may apply second alternative which is perform their activities in local because they already have their own learning centre for their workers. The only thing that they need to improve about their centre is, in terms of quality of the learning centre. Maybe they may recruit some experts from oversea to come here for educating and sharing different experience with their workers. The advantage of this action is, company won’t need to spend a lot of money to send their workers to oversea, by the way workers will expose to new experience even they have been trained in local. All of activities in improving workers skill and expertise can be consider as a functional strategy which is stated under Human Resource Department. Brand Repositioning In Malaysians’ perception, national car is a cheap but low quality car compare to other car brand. It is basically influenced by Proton to the market. Once Proton Wira is launched in Malaysia, many Malaysians buy this car, but this car is come with a lot of problems. This kind of bad perception may also influence the second national car in Malaysia, Perodua. Those customers’ perceptions had been embedded into their mind long time ago. This kind of perceptions may influence the customer’s choices in purchasing a car. Therefore, Perodua need to change customers’ mind in thinking such that way. In this situation, Perodua is facing the issue of brand name that is placed by consumer in a same category of Proton that is representative of low quality. This is a bad image for Perodua and is limiting Perodua in penetrating into more new market. In this kind of situation, Perodua need to clarify that the technology of the Perodua cars are from foreign country, Japan. Japan is a high technology environment in producing car. Those cars produced in Japan are high quality. This make customers in market believe that cars from Japan are good in quality, so they are willing to pay more in order to get a good quality car if compare to cars that produced in local plant. One of the strength for Perodua is that one of the Perodua’s subsidiaries is Daihatsu, and then Toyota is one of the subsidiaries of Daihatsu. Most of the model that launched by Perodua is model of Daihatsu. Perodua can clarify that the quality of car is same with Daihatsu car in Japan. Besides that, Toyota also let the Avanza model being assembled in Perodua plant. That means Perodua’s plant had met the qualification of Toyota in order to assemble it. It’s because Toyota is a good quality car producer. Toyota will not let Perodua assemble their car if Perodua doesn’t have the qualification. The strategy that Perodua should use is functional strategy. In functional strategy, marketing strategy is suitable for Perodua now in order to change the customers’ mind towards brand Perodua. Perodua should reposition its brand in customer’s mind. The repositioning process can be done by launching lots of sales promotion and trade show. In between the trade show, customers can test drive the Perodua’s car. This gives them a chance in testing the real car rather than just listen to others opinions that are not being confirmed yet. Marketing Strategies In terms of marketing strategy, Perodua actually may refer to marketing mix to develop their strategy. There are four elements in marketing mix (4P) which is product, place, price and promotion. The different strategy will be use according to each P. But in this research, we only focus on the 3P’s which is product, price and promotion. For product strategy, Perodua should heavily expend in the R because through this activity only they would know what and how to improve their product. Roughly, the activities that may implement by Perodua towards products are expanding the product features, advantage and benefits (FAB). Feature is a physical characteristic that owned by the product itself like size, color and shape. Advantage is performance characteristic like the function of the product. However benefit is a result of advantage which is after use benefits. It can be divided into practical benefit and psychological benefit. For pricing strategy, Perodua should reconsider their supply chain in order to minimize their production cost. They actually can dealing with their existing supplier or select new one to cut off the raw material price as much as they can. When raw material acquisition price getting low then it will directly leads to the lower selling price to end consumer. The flows of supply chain are very important for a company in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. If they manage to operate it supply chain effectively so it will increase the performance of the company. However for promotion, there are many tools can be use by Perodua to implement their promotion activities. We recommend Perodua to focus on advertising and sales promotion to promote their product. If we compare to other competitors, Perodua advertisement is rarely appear in media. It may cause to lack of awareness by consumer towards a Perodua product. As we know, television is the best medium for marketer to communicate their product to the consumer because it is large number of the audience. So, maybe action that can be taken by Perodua is to develop more attractive advertisement and post it to the high exposure media to increase the consumer awareness. In price promotion, maybe Perodua could give some incentives or discount to the car buyer to persuade them to purchase the car. Example, they could pull down their price during the promotion period (during fair or road show) to attract people to buy. As a conclusion, all of these marketing activities and programs are falls under functional strategy (Marketing Department). Create more new car models The typical business firm usually considers three type of strategy which is corporate, business, and functional but it is only emphasized in business and functional strategy in this generating alternative strategy by using Tows Matrix. Firstly, business strategies are divided into two categories, competitive and cooperative strategies. Perodua would use competitive strategies in the car industry. In competitive strategy, Perodua is encouraged to implement niche-low-cost-differentiation strategy. Perodua should more create new models by fulfill the different segment of customers requirement. For example, the smallest family will buy smaller car such as Myvi and the biggest family will choose to buy multi-purpose vehicle. Besides that, Perodua must maintain the producing cost in order to compete with others. If the prices were approximately close to or expensive than foreign cars, domestic consumers would shift to buy foreign cars. As a carmaker, the company must sensitive to the requirement of the market. The company needs to come out different car models to attract more potential customers and customers will have more choices to buy a compatible car. Perodua was produced various car models such as Perodua Kancil (1994), Perodua Rusa (1996), Perodua Kembara (1998-2008), Perodua Kenari (2000), Perodua Kelisa (2001), Perodua Myvi (2005), Perodua Viva (2007) and Perodua Nautica (2008). It shows that Perodua was slowness in creating new car models. Perodua normally spend in between of one to four years for creating new car models. On the orders hand, the Daihatsu is one of the partners of Perodua Company was produced new models fastest than Perodua such as Daihatsu Valera (1996-2001), Daihatsu Gran Move(1996-2002), Daihatsu Move (1997-2002), Daihatsu Terios (1997-2005), Daihatsu Sirion (1998-2004), Daihatsu Mira Gino (1999-2004), Daihatsu Naked (2000-2004), Daihatsu Copen (2002), Daihatsu Tanto (2003), Daihatsu Xenia (2003), Daihatsu Esse(2005), Daihatsu Sonica (2005). Base on information, it is clearly stated that Daihatsu probably create new models in every year. Daihatsu was founded in 1907. It is easy for Daihatsu to create new car models in every year because it has longer car making experience. Daihatsu should send some expatriates to guide Perodua to built new car models because Daihatsu has enough expertise in producing car. Furthermore, the new models of Perodua was always depend on Daihatsu, therefore it will consume long period to launch a new models in domestic market. This may put Perodua behind others competitor and it may lost an opportunity for Perodua to capture more market share. In fact, there are several of cars which is rebadged from Daihatsu’s car models which is Perodua Kancil (1994) is rebadged third/fourth generation of the Mira (1990-1994), Perodua Kelisa (2002) is rebadged fifth generation of the Mira (1995) and Perodua Viva (2007) is rebadged sixth generation of the Mira (2002) which mean Perodua always rely on modification of Daihatsu models. Therefore, Daihatsu should give authorization for Perodua to developed new models because Perodua was more familiar with local customer needs and preferences. This is a win-win situation for both companies which mean Daihatsu can earn more profits in term of creating more new car models by Perodua. Moreover, Perodua is given a chance to develop their potential in creating a new car models and it is indirectly create job opportunity for local market which can build company a good reputation. Secondly is functional strategy, Perodua should concentrate in financial strategy and Research, and Development strategy (R D) and Human Resource Management strategy (HRM). In financial strategy, Perodua should control the cost of create a new car models whether it is over budget. Perodua might spend in promotion cost to exposure the existence of new car models and R D cost for produce a good quality and innovation cars. In R D strategy, Perodua can either choose technological leader or technological follower. Perodua would choose technological followership because it is lower the cost of product or value activities by learning from the leader’s experience such as their partner Daihatsu. Daihatsu was supply those car components and designs which mean Perodua does not actually produce any in house designs or engineering for the main components. Base on the Human Resource Management (HRM) strategy, Perodua can create its own car models by training local people rather than always depend on its partner-Daihatsu. By creating more new idea, Perodua suggest to cultivate talent people through giving scholarship for local students to study the course of Transportation design. The local students have opportunity to learn the skills of design of cars. For example, the Umea Institute of Design at Umea University Sweden offering young design students from all over the world to its two-year Master of Arts degree program in Transportation Design. Training local employee is cheaper than sending foreign expertise to develop the company. Improvement of car feature and car design Automotive design is primarily concerned with developing the visual appearance or aesthetics of the vehicle and also involved in the creation of the product concept. Moreover, automotive design consists 3 main parts which is interior design, exterior design, and color and trim design. Therefore, it is one of the important parts in making a car. Before go in more depth for the explanation, it is important to know what is the differences between all the 3 kinds of design. Simply put, the responsible for the design of the exterior of the vehicle is to develop the proportions, shape, and surfaces of the vehicle. However, the responsible for the design of the vehicle interior develops the proportions, shape, placement, and surfaces for the instrument panel, seats, door trim panels, headliner, pillar trims, and etc. Here the emphasis is on the comfort of the passengers. For the color and trim design, it’s responsible for the research, design, and development of all interior and exterior colors and materials used on a vehicle. These include paints, plastics, fabric designs, leather, grains, carpet, headliner, wood trim, and so on. Color, contrast, texture, and pattern must be carefully combined to give the vehicle a unique interior environment experience. As we know, Perodua has come out one series of automobile since it founded in Malaysia; Kancil (year of 1994), Kelisa (year of 2001), Kenari (year of 2000), Myvi (year of 2005), Viva (year of 2007), and the most recently is Nautica which is in the year of 2008. Although the car designs is different from each other in terms of exterior design, interior design, and color and trim design; yet there serve a same purpose for each design which mean it’s wanted to make the automobile more attractive to look, easily and convenient to use, and so on. For example, headlamp, front turn signal, this is all the aspect that must be consider when design a car because this is a basic needs for each and every vehicles. Without these facilities, it is worthless for one vehicle and indeed, it can’t count as an automobile. A good design for these facilities is a bonus and can reinforce the perception of the user on Perodua automobile. Hence, Perodua must perceive a way to improve its car design in order to boost the sales and performance of the company. There is some ways to achieve this objective, firstly, Perodua can organize a car design competition via university or open to everyone that is interested. For example, Domus Academy and Audi Group have launched the second edition of the Desire Design Competition, which asks participants to create a dream car and offers scholarships for the 2009-2010 Master in Car Design. This is a reciprocal strategy for both parties which mean that Perodua can buy and capture the creative idea as much as they want from the participants; while in return, Perodua can offer a job for who is winning in the competition and help him or her in building her or his career path. This indirectly can build a strong brand name and a great reputation in the society. For this case, it can say that Perodua has to focus on its human resources functional strategy. In this competitive and changing business environment, Perodua has to always ensure that it company is capable enough to deal with this changing environment. As we know, employees are the one who running the whole company, it can reflect that human resources are playing the essential role and human resources were so the valuable assets to one company. Therefore, Perodua should act as a talent scout to search for the talented performer through organizing some activities and have to appreciate every talent employee who is fully contributed to their company. Secondly, company must set a goal to encourage their employee to getting award because t show that the company is putting a lot of effort on designing a car and thus, achieving high sales is not a big deal for that particular company. As a proof, the ever popular MYVI which was launched on 25th May 2005 has been awarded the prestigious BEST MODEL OF THE YEAR (MALAYSIA) award from Frost Sullivan. Frost and Sullivan is an internationally renowned growth consultancy company and are represented in various countries around the world. The company honors and recognizes companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service and strategic product development. Award recipients at the Frost Sullivan ASEAN Automotive Awards is noted to clearly demonstrate outstanding leadership in their own market segments and have utmost focus on a customer centric strategy. Several evaluation criteria that were taken into consideration were; revenue growth, market share, growth in market share, leadership in product innovation, marketing strategy and business development strategy. Therefore, it is clearly to state that one good design car and good feature car have a direct relationship with the sales. It is because customer will only buy a car that they are affordable but also possess a good design and good feature on it. Improvement of car quality It has been 10 years since Perodua was established as the second national car-maker and within a decade, it has risen to the challenge and become a household name in Malaysia. Starting from scratch, Perodua quickly rose to become the No. 2 automotive brand in the country, a position it has maintained till today. Meanwhile, PERODUA was so the first car manufacturer in Malaysia to achieve the prestigious ISO 9002 and ISO 9001 certification awarded by the Vehicle Certification Agency (VCA) from the United Kingdom. To maintain its position in the local marketplace, Perodua need to ensure that there is always an improvement for the vehicles they produce but still at an affordable price. There are many dimension of quality which is performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. One quality car is also means that it is a safety car at the same times in the perception of the passengers or occupants. First and foremost, we know that supplier is playing an important role in regard with the car quality improvement. Therefore, Perodua has to ensure it choosing a trustable supplier who is supply the quality auto parts in producing a quality vehicles. Hence, it shouldn’t overlook each and every small accessories part, sometimes it couldn’t be success without these little small auto parts contribution. From this point of view, it is important to know that here the growth strategy in the corporation strategy is playing a crucial role. We suggest Perodua to have a cooperative contractual relationship with their suppliers which mean Perodua purchase the resources from its supplier through long term contract instead of keep on changing it auto part supplier. This long-term relationship can bring a win-win situation for both parties. Secondly, practicing quality control in the assembly process can ensure the output its produce is meeting the standards and quality. What is so called a quality car? It can measure in term of durability and performance. One good performance car is easy to be control by occupants because of its good car structure, horsepower, engine and etc. Moreover, normally a car still can function after use up to quite a long time only it can counted as a durable car otherwise it may not worth to buy a car that only can last for 2 to 3 years. It is because transportation nowadays is a very important element that everyone must use it every day even they can just afford to have a compact but not a luxury car, but at least have one for every household. In this scenario, implementing a quality control in the assembly process is related with the quality control functional strategy. his quality control department is responsible to ensure each and every stages that implement in the assembly process must meeting the standard, hence, it can reduce the repairing cost, lost of sales cost, and etc. Besides from product quality, services quality before and after-sale services is also a very important element to the company to converting buyers into die-hard fans and improve company image. The after-sales objectives is fulfill customer satisfactio n, customer retention, efficiency in work and job flow, both for the distributor and dealer, and high service absorption for dealers. Perodua services provided such as maintenance service packages (from 1,000km till 100,000km). Service interval at every 5,000km or 3 months whichever earlier, 45 minutes vehicle serviced without any complaint, part replacement and repair, an accident repair body repair, insurance claim, Insurance road tax renewal, warranty job, air-conditioner service, radiator coolant, replacement brake bleeding system, front bear brake Service, valve clearance adjustment ,V-belt replacement, and wiper blade replacement service. Perodua needs to improve the services quality of before sale and after-sale services. The company should concentrate in functional strategy. In the functional strategy, Perodua is suggesting to implement human resource management (HRM) strategy and information technology strategy. In the human resource management, manager should do appraisal of worker performance such as 360-degree appraisal. This might help the company to increase workers performance and job satisfaction. A competent and customer-focused service and parts business can be achieved only with competent and service-oriented staff. Perodua responsible to give training specialist After-Sales staff to upgrade their performances and skills. Training program that included of teach employee about the manners to deal with the customers start from before sales until after-sales services. Furthermore, Perodua should increasingly use the information technology to provide business units with competitive advantage. Perodua must always upload the latest information in the webpage such as latest services provided, latest new car models, latest prices and activities launch by showroom. Perodua is recommended launching mail-order companies, among other factors, on the opportunity that the customer has of paying in installments. Clearly this incentive could serve as a loyalty retention scheme as the customer is bound for the credit period. Moreover, customers frequently burden by monthly installment, producers’ banks might offering finance schemes for new cars might also consider offering the end customer financing for after-sales products. Reference 2009 Perodua MPV Rendered Speculation, Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/09/21/2009-perodua-mpv-rendered-speculation/ 2009 Perodua MPV:new artists impression. Retrieved February 21, 2009, from http://paultan. org/archives/2008/11/06/2009-perodua-mpv-new-artists-impression/ Corporate Information. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://www. perodua. com. my/index. php? section=corporate Desire Design Competition 2008. Retrieved at, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , from http://www. carbodydesign. com/archive/2008/11/18-desire-design-competition-2008/ Perodua. Retrieved at, †¦. from, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Perodua Perodua’s New Learning Centre. Retrieved February 19, 2009, from http://www. fleet-asia. com/news/2008/12/perodua%E2%80%99s_new_learning_centre The Development of the Automobile Industry and the Road Ahead http://www. statistics. gov. my/eng/images/stories/files/journalDOSM/V204_AUTOMOBILE. pdf [pic]

Multiculturalism Cultures and Traditions

Question: Describe about the Multiculturalism for Cultures and Traditions. Answer: An introduction Identification of the issue (background information) Multicultural refers to the acceptance, mutual existence, as well as, promotion of a range of cultures and traditions, in a single jurisdiction, generally consisting of the overseas ethnic groups, as well as, the aboriginal ethnic groups. Multiculturalism was introduced during the 1970s in Australia (Calma, 2007). Since then, the core principles of multiculturalism have remained the same in a broad sense. But the basic federal multicultural policy statements have changed and evolved, from the time it was introduced, as a result of the changed government responses, along with the priorities towards the dynamic Australian society. The multicultural policy of Australia has its heritage in the post settlement issues faced by migrants and the government response regarding the same, across the 1980s-1990s. At present, each of the state and territory in Australia has active programs and policies to deal with multiculturalism. Statement of position (main thesis statement) Australia is a successful example of the multiculturalism in action. Even though the multiculturalism in Australia has undergone some important changes, from the time it was taken upon as a government policy in 1970s, it has been, in general, considered as a successful undertaking which has quite clearly contributed towards the solidity of the Australian society (Calma, 2007). This paper is aimed towards supporting the statement that Australia is indeed a successful example of the multiculturalism. In the following parts, the various factors that make multiculturalism a success in Australia have been highlighted. Further, the limitations which could affect this success have also been explained. Lastly, the supporting data has been presented which supports the thesis statement. The body Summary Multiculturalism is sometimes viewed as a simple collection of the non-discriminatory immigration policies and diverse population, but it is much more than that. Multiculturalism is rooted in the traditional Australian values (Living Safe Together, 2016). The government policies of Australia have expressed the relevance of multiculturalism, to all its citizens in the 1980s, but multiculturalism has grown beyond its originating point, by becoming a pillar in the nation-building narratives of Australia. The multiculturalism policies generated programs and services have served the migrants entering in the country from across the globe, for a number of years. At present, multiple generations of such migrants, having different cultural backgrounds, have grown up in the societies of Australia, and contribute towards the diversity of the country, as well as, helps in growing the global connectivity. Limitations Multiculturalism has been contested historically, both on the basis of the concept, as well as, the policy framework. Mark Lopez has argued that amid the supporters of this concept, there has been a divergence in the approaches (Lopez, 2000). The different schools of multicultural thoughts have advocated different range of concepts like ethnic structural pluralism, ethnic rights multiculturalism, cultural pluralism, and welfare multiculturalism. Historian Geoffrey Blainey had viewed that the concept of multiculturalism encouraged ethnic tribalism (Koleth, 2010). A range of conservative commentators, as well as, politicians echoed this view. Further, this was supported by the evidence that emerged regarding the resultant resentment and confusion concerning the different aspects of the policy associated with multiculturalism, amongst the common man, in spite of the attempts by the officials to characterise it as encompassing all the Australians. Lopez has further argued that towards the mid of the 1990s, a few of the early supporters of multiculturalism, like, Sir James Gobbo, along with Jerzy Zubrzycki, were engaged in the 'post-multicultural' theories and suggested that the concept of 'multiculturalism' should be replaced with the concept of 'cultural diversity' (Koleth, 2010). The reason behind the demand for change in the concept was that, as per such proponents, multiculturalism was a 'self-conscious' term which should not be used as it was not necessary and had outlived its purpose. Some of the other commentators, like Chandran Kukathas, assumed the position, which was described by them as classical liberal, and argued that multiculturalism was simply a single feature of pluralism (Koleth, 2010). They further viewed that the public establishments needed to be nonaligned, neutral, as well as, concerned with the respect for the individual freedoms and rights, along with ensuring tolerance, instead of facilitating the int erests of such collective groups in the society. So, the critics of multiculturalism believe this concept promotes segmentation, instead of unity and that it prevents the groups from being integrated towards a common national culture and identity. Thesis Argument The 2015 Mapping Social Cohesion survey, conducted a survey to discover the views of the Australians, regarding the concept of multiculturalism (Scanlon Foundation, 2016). This survey established that 86 % of Australians consented upon the fact that multiculturalism has been good for the country (Markus, 2015). And this level of concurrence has been consistent during the past three years. The concern of the critics seems legitimate, as cultural diversity cannot be fully welcomed without some of the limitations (Koleth, 2010). Further, the policies in this behalf have to be so aimed, to bring the people into the national community, instead of being prevented from doing the same. If the multiculturalism in Australia had to be considered as a failure, the signs of trouble would have been apparent, and the present evidence does not appear to be suggesting any such view (Soutphommasane, 2016). Even the multiculturalisms critics would agree with the social miracle associated with the 20th and 21st centurys migration history. The recent survey on social cohesion, by Scanlon Foundation presented the evidence on the measures of social cohesion and the level of neighbourhoods was included in this survey. The survey portrayed that only 2% of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the people of varied backgrounds got together well enough, in the local areas. And only 3 % of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the mix of such varied backgrounds improved life in their localities (Markus, 2015). Studies from the OECD have clearly demonstrated that the children born to the immigrants in the country, attained higher average results, as compared to the children born to the natives of Australia (OECD, 2012). Similar results have been achieved in the economic participation. Further, the skilled migrants have elevated rates of market participation, as compared to the overall population, and the median annual earning, in the skilled migrants is also higher in comparison to the overall population (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 2014). Furthermore, it has been estimated that out of the immigrants, who have been residing in Australia for more than 10 years, approximately 80% of such immigrants have decided to take up the Australian citizenship (Smith, Wykes, Jayarajah and Fabijanic, 2010). These immigrants have integrated on civil levels by becoming the full members of the nation. So, on these basis of the economic participation, social cohesion, civic integration, and the educational attainment, it can be adjudged that the multicultural society of Australia ha been a success. The reasons for this success is not one, but many. Firstly, due to the well-ordered and well-integrated immigration policy, along with the immigration programs, the public has accepted the cultural diversity and has braced the Australian societys cultural generosity. The multicultural policy which emerged in the 1970s replaced the assimilation approach and instead helped in the adoption of the mass immigration, post the Second World War era (Soutphommasane, 2016). Secondly, unlike the nations like France, Australian society has openly celebrated its cultural diversity, instead of confining the cultural differences to the private realm (Soutphommasane, 2016). Further, Australia has open heartedly welcomed such immigrants by extending the hand of friendship towards the immigrants. As long as such cultural differences are consistent with the Australian democracy, such differences are embraced. Thirdly, this concept has served a range of objectives over the years in Australia, which includes the pursuit of societal justice, nation building, integration of migrants, and the attempts to maintain the social cohesion (Lopez, 2013). Fourthly, the nation of Australia is a migrant nation, and it would not be the contemporary Australia, as we know it, without the mass migration. Apart from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, every person living in the country, is either a migrant himself or is a descendent of such migrant (Ozdowski, 2012). Lastly, with the changes in the immigration policies, over the course of time, the outlook of the Australians and the place in the world, of the country, has changed during the past 200 years. From being insecure, racially intolerant and prejudiced the country of Australia has embraced the diversity by being a multicultural nation. The policies incorporated in this behalf extended to cover the Australian egalitarianism ethos, as well as, liberties to include all the linguistic, religious, as well as, cultural differences within the democratic structures (Ozdowski, 2012). The success of multiculturalism in the case of Australia is the result of the adaptable, as well as, pragmatic approach of the government towards the migration, along with the present social cohesion programs in the public policy. The contemporary multiculturalisms objective is for all the people to participate on the same terms and to access the opportunities, as well as, focus on nation building (Ozdowski, 2012). The objective also negates the need for any separateness or ethnic ghettos from the society in general. The multiculturalism in the country has maintained two key values, which are tolerance of the racial, religious, as well as, cultural differences, which have been underpinned in the values of the Australians. The celebrations of the national day in 2011, witnessed a lot of enthusiastic participants, and the majority of these were the newest citizens of Australia. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, had addressed that the multiculturalism in Germany had failed (Bowen, 2011). And since then, it has become a fashion to declare that multiculturalism has been a failure, and often has been blamed for terrorism. But in the case of Australian multiculturalism, it has been a success, for numerous reasons. The immigrants in the country have the freedom to follow their culture, as long as these are consistent with the values of Australia, the rule of law, as well as, the individual freedom (Department of Social Services, 2014). There is also a genius in the multiculturalism of Australia, as this is citizenship-based, so in order to fully enjoy the benefits of the society of Australia, a person is required to take the pledge of commitment. The post war immigration policy of Australia was initially motivated by the economic imperatives, but with passage of time, the Australia, Government realized the advantages of inviting a complete participation of the community, by the immigrant populations, in return for gaining respect for, as well as embracing of, the cultures along with the customs brought by such immigrants, with them (Lopez, 2013). This very realization, underlines the advantages of the approach adopted by Australia. During this journey of multiculturalism, each wave of the immigrants has faced numerous challenges and every generation has had the anxiety about the unfamiliarity. The allegations that such migrants come to convert the population, as well as, the beliefs of the Australians, are completely wrong. Chris Bowen, who was the Minister for Immigration in the year 2011, believed that if Australia wants to be free and equal, then it has to be multicultural. He further believed that if Australia wants to be multicultural, it has to remain free and equal (Bowen, 2011). A conclusion Summary and Recommendations The theme behind this success is the government policies in the matter of multiculturalism, as well as, the fact that Australia is an immigrant nation. The implementation of the goal oriented, as well as, adaptable approach towards the migration, has led to the success of the multiculturalism in Australia, as a nation policy, since its inception. The multiculturalism policy in Australia has laid down the guiding ethos for equitable, just process, as well as, dignified integration. Multiculturalism is an asset which has to be accommodated and fostered. The multiculturalism policy in Australia was introduced to deal with the settlement needs of the migrants, in order to recognize the preservation of the cultural identities. The data provided in the previous part, clearly established that multiculturalism has been a success in the country, and even highlighted the reasons behind this success. Though, there are still issues faced by multicultural societies regarding social cohesion. Even after the various policies implemented by the government, there still remains inhibitions regarding the acceptance of multiculturalism concept. Further, people still view it as a way of creating division. So, it is recommended to ensure the proper application of the current policy of multiculturalism. Further, awareness needs to be spread to remove such inhibitions from the opponents of this concept. Furthermore, continued government support is a fundamental requirement to support the cultural diversity of the Australian society and this commitment has to be reflected through the governmental policies. To conclude, it can be said, that multiculturalism has been a huge and clear success in Australia. References Bowen, C. (2011) What makes multiculturalism great is mutual respect. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/what-makes-multiculturalism-great-is-mutual-respect-20110216-1awik.html [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Calma, T. (2007) Multiculturalism. [Online] Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Available from: https://www.tellmesomethingidontknow.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/racial_discrimination/multiculturalism/multiculturalism2007.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Department of Immigration and Border Protection (2014). Australias Migration Trends 2013-14. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, pp 118. Department of Social Services. (2014) What is multiculturalism? [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/national-agenda-for-a-multicultural-australia/what-is-multiculturalism [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Koleth, E. (2010) Multiculturalism: a review of Australian policy statements and recent debates in Australia and overseas. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp06#_ftnref160 [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Living Safe Together. (2016) Multicultural Australia. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/informationadvice/Pages/Multicultural-Australia.aspx [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, G.G.S. (2013) Multiculturalism, Migration, Governance in Australia. [Online] E-International Relations Students. Available from: https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/01/multiculturalism-migration-governance-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, M. (2000)The origins of multiculturalism in Australian politics 19451975. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp. 447448 Markus, A. (2015) Mapping Social Cohesion National Report 2015. [Online] Scanlon Foundation and Monash University. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-Mapping-Social-Cohesion-Report.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] OECD. (2012) Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. [Online] OECD. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en[Accessed on: 13/10/16] Ozdowski, S. (2012) Australian Multiculturalism: the roots of its success. [Online] Western University Sydney. Available from: https://www.uws.edu.au/equity_diversity/equity_and_diversity/tools_and_resources/reportsandpubs/australian_multiculturalism_the_roots_of_its_success [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Scanlon Foundation. (2016) 26 February 2016 Multiculturalism a success, but a multilayered concept in Australia. [Online] Scanlon Foundation. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/26-february-2016-multiculturalism-a-success-but-a-multilayered-concept-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Smith, D., Wykes, J., Jayarajah, S., and Fabijanic, T. (2010) Citizenship in Australia. [Online] Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Available from: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/citizenship-in-australia-2011.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Soutphommasane, T. (2016) The Success of Australias Multiculturalism. [Online] Australian Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/success-australia-s-multiculturalism#fnB4 [Accessed on: 13/10/16]

Comparison of Good and Bad Pizza

Bio potential amplifier and its purpose essays

Bio potential amplifier and its purpose essays Amplifiers are an important part of the modern instrumentation systems for measuring bio potentials. Such measurements involve voltages that are often at low levels,have high source impedances,or both. Amplifiers are required to increase signal strength while maintaining high fidelity. Amplifiers that have been designed specifically for this type of processing are known as biopotential amplifiers. The essential function of a biopotential amplifier is to take a weak electrical signal of biological origin( eg: brain)and increase its amplitude so that it can be further processed, recorded or displayed. The input circuit of a biopotential amplifier must also provide protection to the organism being studied. Any current or potential appearing across the amplifier input terminals is capable of affecting the biological potential being measured. (Here in our project we have considered the processing part of the above mentioned system ensuring that a good isolation is achieved between the patient part and the power supply part of the circuit.) In clinical systems electric currents produced by the bio potential amplifier and seen at its input terminals can result in microshocks or macroshocks in the patient being studied-a situation that can have grave consequences.To avoid these problems the amplifier should have isolation and protection circuitry, so that the current through the electrode circuit can be kept at safe levels and any artefact generated by such current can be minimized. The other basic requirements of the biopotential amplifiers are : 1) The output impedance of the amplifier must be low with respect to the load impedance and the amplifier must be capable of supplying the power required by the load. 2) Must operate in that portion of the frequency spectrum in which the biopotentials they amplify exists. 3) They make quick calibration possible. EEG requires an amplifier with a frequency respons...

Organisational Design Problem Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Design Problem - Coursework Example The internal structures did not change to match the growth of the company like required for successful global expansions. As observed, the corporate culture left loopholes where the inferior performers get rewarded while the productive employees get penalized. The core value of the organizational structure is to ensure that activities like task allocation, coordination, and supervision get stirred towards achieving goals of an organization. As such, the structure of an organization is critical to the performance and operational modes. The structure is known to affect an organization in two positive dimensions. The first dimension is that it offers a foundation for the development of standard operating procedures and routines. The second dimension is the determination that individuals handle a certain task and decision-making process. The structure ensures that it defines the extent with which these views shape the organization’s choice (Campbell and Craig, 2005). There are several challenges faced by the company due to rapid expansion and poor organizational structure. When an organizational structure does not coincide with facts evolving in operational action, it leads to poor performance when the company is expanding (Armstrong, 1996). COY’s inadequate organizational structure hampered cooperation regarding the established centers and the headquarters. Consequently, it leads to the hindrance of completion of defined operations (Peris-Ortiz and Sahut, n.d.). The structure results in a lag in time and misuse of resources when poorly implemented. As such, the organizational structure should be adaptive to the process requirements. The primary aim would involve optimizing the ratio of effort and input to output (Bahram Ranjbarian, 2011). Normally, the strategy of a company that has poorly implemented its organizational structure will change but the

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Research Paper Example India’s involvement in space programs can be traced at the beginning of 1960s. Actually, it was just in 1962 that the authority that would control the relevant science projects established in India: reference is made to the ‘Indian National Committee for Space Research’ (Moltz 114). Since then, the country’s missions to space have been related to a particular target: to secure the social and economic environment of the country (Sadeh 303). More specifically, the space program of India has been based on ‘the needs of man and society’ (Moltz 114). However, if reviewed carefully, the particular program is proved as being far from its initial mission. One of the most important issues that should be taken into consideration when developing a space program is the program’s financing needs. In the case of India, this rule had not been followed. According to Sadeh (11) the gaps between the estimated cost of a space program and its final cost is a common problem in the specific sector. For this reason, the government of a country involved in such project needs to locate in advance potential sources of funds that could be used when the project would exceed its budget (Sadeh 11). In the case study it is explained that the cost of the whole project reached the level of $70m (page study, p.1), an amount that it is considered as extremely high if taking into consideration the current status of Indian economy. The review of the historical development of India’s space program shows that there has been no provision for covering extra costs during the project’s life cycle (Sadeh 303). On the other hand, the threat from neigbouring countries, especially of China, is often used as an argument for justifying India’s space program (Harding 107). According to the case study, India’s mission to Mars has been decided not so much for gathering information in regard to the planet’s ground and environment bu t mostly in order to verify the country’s technological advances especially compared to its key rival, i.e. China (page study, p.1). Of course, the potential use of space technology for securing the country’s safety in terms of national security cannot be ignored. However, such target would be in opposition with the program’s initial mission, i.e. to respond to the needs of the country’s social and economic environment (Sadeh 303). In other words, a contradiction appears between the targets on which the establishment of the program was based and the targets that appear today as the program’s priorities, such as the increase of India’s military strength towards its rivals, or the improvement of the country’s position in geo-political terms. The inappropriateness of India’s space mission, at least in regard to the current period of time, is also proved through the following facts: A) The status of India’s current infrastru cture seems to be quite low. In fact, it was a few days before the mission to Mars that due to severe damages the country’s power supply units stopped their operations; even if the problem caused by the weather the extension of the damage, about 825 electric poles had to be replaced, reveals the weakness of the country in maintaining its vital infrastructure (Salomi 2013). At this point, the following question appears: how the country could support a mission to space while facing such problems in regard to its energy infrastructure is a question that cannot be easily

Criminal Profiling of Satanic Followers Research Paper

Criminal Profiling of Satanic Followers - Research Paper Example There are reported several cases of a variety of crimes, inspired by the Black Pope’s Satanic teaching. A classic example of a ritualistic crime committed by self-styled Satanists is the story of La Vey’s disciples, ordered by their leader to perform high-profile murders (Kennedy, 2006). Another famous story involving satanic crime is the case of Richard Ramirez, â€Å"The Night Stalker†, who raped, tortured, and murdered several victims while forcing them to declare their love for Satan (Perlmutter, 2001). However, from the law enforcement perspective, it is not easy to classify a criminal activity as a satanic crime and, thus, reduce an investigation only to the suspects who claim to be Satanists (Lanning, 89). To start with, while there are several criteria that can help law enforcement officers to classify a crime as satanic, none of them is reliable enough to clearly define such a criminal activity. To start with, while some argue that the presence of certai n symbols, such as inverted crosses, pentagrams, or 666 makes a crime satanic, from the law enforcement perspective â€Å" unless there is a legal-valid perspective for doing so, police have no authority to seize any satanic or occult paraphernalia they might see during the search (Lewis, 2001). The symbols or signs have no any significance for the investigation unless they prove a criminal activity. If a victim includes a Satanic symbol when describing the instruments or a location of the crime, then the symbol can serve as an evidence.... The symbols or signs have no any significance for the investigation unless they prove a criminal activity. If a victim includes a Satanic symbol when describing the instruments or a location of the crime, then the symbol can serve as an evidence. However, many cases reveal that despite the presence of certain symbols in the possession of the offender, the crime had no Satanic relation. Furthermore, signs, symbols, and rituals cannot always be interpreted clearly as their meaning may change over time, place, and circumstance (Lewis, 2001). As an example, a swastika can represent either prosperity and good fortune, or Nazism and anti-Semitism, or – currently – hate, paranoia, and adolescent defiance. Especially in cases involving dabblers, teenagers, and other self-styled Satanists, who give the symbols their own meaning, the analysis of symbols and signs may only have a limited application. There are also cases of offenders leaving satanic symbols on the crime scene deli berately in order to make the crime look â€Å"satanic† and, thus, confuse the investigators. Thus, when law enforcement officers investigate alleged satanic crimes, they need to be objective fact finders (Lanning, 89). While law enforcement officers need to be trained to recognize the possible investigative significance of satanic symbols, rituals, and paraphernalia, it is impossible for one person to know the meaning of all the symbols and rituals of every spiritual belief system. Therefore, symbols cannot be used to clearly classify a law enforcement problem as a satanic activity (Kennedy, 2006). Following the concern about â€Å"unexplained† mutilations and murders of animals in the late

Situational Analysis And Imc Objective Marketing Essay

Situational Analysis And Imc Objective Marketing Essay By referring to Jacobs website, Jacobs is a brand names which well-known for quality and whole meal biscuits and their reputation that has already existed over few generations. Jacobs success can be attributed to the companys high standards in manufacturing best quality of biscuits, its continuous research and product development, and its commitment to ensure that its product are suit to the changing of consumer needs, taste buds, and lifestyles. Over the years, range of products of Jacobs has grown and changed from a plain cracker to a wide-ranging range of quality crackers and biscuits, including Wheat meal, Cream Cracker, Low Salt Hi-Fibre, Hi-Cal, Hi-Fibre, and Oatmeal biscuits. Jacob is using several ways of IMC strategies to promote its products to consumers. Advertising Referring to Jacobs website, Jacobs Original Cracker mainly advertises on TV channel such as TV 1, TV 2, TV 3, NTV 7, and 8TV. Jacobs advertise with different languages, included Malay, Chinese, and English. By doing this, we can say that Jacob is targeting general group of market which are Malay, Chinese, and English. According to Utusan Malaysia website, Jacobs also advertise on newspaper such as language in Bahasa: Utusan Malaysia and Berita Harian. In the newspaper, they are not directly advertising their product; Jacobs providing such as dessert recipe with Jacob cracker and educates consumers the correct ways for consumption. Contest Campaign By referring to the Jacobs website, Jacobs organized contest at the past with the title Jacobs Ibuku Inspirasiku, the prize worth up to RM 300,000. To join the contest, participants first have to gather any Jacobs cracker product that with the promotion label on the packing, minimum of 10 points for one submission. After that, participants have to click on Join Now at the website and fill in the details when prompted and key in the codes on Jacobs products pack to determine the accumulated points. Over the past few years, we can see that Jacobs not only advertising on newspaper and television but also organizing healthy campaign such as in year 2010, Jacobs Walk of Life and Strong Support for 1Malaysia Sihat. Apart from the 5 kilometre walk, participants also enjoyed of continuing booth activities that designed by co-sponsors such as free health check by Selangor State Health Department, free bone health check by Anlene, balloon sculptures, childrens face painting, and childrens inflatable at Kids Fun zone. There were also special performances by popular local artist, Black and One Nation Emcee entertained the crowd with their music. Due to the strong support by peoples in 2010, therefore in year 2011 Jacobs continued to organize the event with the title Jacobs Walk of Life 2011, Pledge to Health Social Media According to the websites of Jacobs, Jacobs is using social media platform, Facebook to communicate with their fans or followers. New information, updates, and sometime Jacobs will share the happiness or interesting news through Facebook. This social media platform allowed customers to interact with the company and its popular now. IMC objective Strengthen image The main objective of Jacobs is to build a strong image of the brand. In the strong competitive market, loyalty of customer is very important in the industry. When there is a strong image, customer will have awareness with and make it as one of the preference. With the higher recognition of the brand, the chances to increase loyal customer is also high. Increase sales Sales are one of the important factor for a company, because the revenue is generate by the sales. Every company will try to archive sales target to have more profits. More profit is needed in order to run a business. Creative Strategy Creative strategy is generally the outcome of a team with one or more copywriters, an art director and a creative director. It is to explain how the advertising campaign will meet the businesss advertising objective. The outline is prepared by the creative team of an advertising agency for the launching of an advertising campaign or message. Creative strategy includes unique selling proposition and emotional selling proposition; both can determine the advertising messages that deliver to target audiences in a creative manner. Unique Selling Proposition Unique selling proposition normally is a critical component of a promotional theme that contributes to the building of an advertising campaign. It states the real or perceived benefit of a product or service and then differentiates from its competitors. This would also affect the buyers purchase intention as it can give its buyer a logical reason. Jacobs using a unique and innovative technique for Jacobs Cream Crackers to remain, the classic cracker brand using the traditional special baking techniques since 1885, to make crackers outside distinctively crispy and the center is slightly softer textured, with a yeasty dough classic flavor. Jacobs product contain wheat, this is a source rich of nutrient, this makes Jacobs cracker position in a healthy food industry. Therefore, Jacobs uses USP to create positive and unique identity in customers mind. (Belch Belch, 2009) Uniqueness Jacobs cream cracker made with whole grains. Grains are grasses that produce edible starchy seeds that can be processes as a source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber. According to the JACOBs website, foods such as wheat, rice and oat are considered as cereal grains and these cereal grains are high in carbohydrates that provide energy for humans daily activities. Therefore, Jacobs cream cracker also considered as healthy cracker which provides 72mg calories per serving. Jacobs Actimix standard, Jacobs cracker is a 92% wheat cereal, low fat level, no added sugar, coloring, flavoring and preservatives. Whole grain provides nutrients from all parts of the grain. Whole grain must consist of three parts: bran, germ and endosperm. Figure1 below is a graph that cropped from the Jacobs Malaysia website (http://www.jacobs.com.my) that well explains the whole grain and its nutrient consist: C:UsersK3nnyDesktopUntitled.png Figure1 Benefits Jacobs cream crackers mainly consist of 5 ingredients: wheat flour, palm oil, salt, sodium bicarbonate and yeast. Wheat is rich in essential nutrients that offer important health benefits to consumers. It is also a good source of energy from carbohydrates. It contains B-vitamins and minerals to help release energy from carbohydrates. Besides, wheat also contains protein that supports the body building process while fiber that helps to maintain a healthy digestive system. Therefore, by consuming Jacobs cream cracker, consumer can lower the risk of getting several chronic diseases and condition for examples, heart diseases, cancer, diabetes and gastrointestinal troubles. Furthermore, consuming wheat diet also benefits consumers in terms of boosting immunity, bone health and other wellness goals. So, according to the nutrient fact of Jacobs cream cracker, it is not more than 6 grams of fat per serving and it is useful in fat-restricted diets. Potent Jacobs cream crackers are well known for its richness in nutrients and healthiness. Since 1885 until today, Jacobs using the same special baking techniques, to make crackers outside distinctively crispy and the center is slighter softer, together with the classic yeasty dough flavor. In Malaysia, Jacobs cracker was manufactured and produced by Kraft Food Malaysia. Kraft was awarded the Prime Minister Award during year 1993 for the quality biscuit standard. This would increase the purchasers confident towards Jacobs cream cracker. DRIP Framework Differentiation Jacobs cream cracker position itself as healthy cracker which it is made with wheat flours. Therefore, Jacobs cracker can be taken as a source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber. It also stated that Jacobs cracker containing Actimix. The USP allows Jacobs to differentiation itself from other competitor with the nutrients and healthy fact. Furthermore, Jacobs in under the Kraft Food Malaysia, the quality of cracker can be assured. Reinforce Jacobs cream cracker is healthy and nutritious that can provides energy for daily activities. Besides that, Jacobs also come out with more range of crackers. For examples: High-iron, Hi-Fiber, Low-Salt, Hi-Calcium and etc. This can fulfill the different needs of nutrients by consumers. Jacobs can emphasize more on nutrients and healthy lifestyle information to consumers. Inform Jacobs mainly advertises in television and newspaper. The advertisement is created to build awareness of audience and reader. Besides, Jacobs also having a Facebook Page called Jacobs Malaysia. It is a platform for Jacobs to share information of its products and also let its consumers to share their experience on consuming Jacobs cracker. Moreover, Jacobs also organize special games and activities such as Jacobs Walk of Life. Participants that complete the walk will be given a gift bag with Jacobs products. This is also a form of introducing Jacobs cracker and building healthy brand images for Jacobs. Persuade Jacobs emphasize on the crackers nutrients and healthy facts. Besides, Jacobs cracker contain Actimix is a great cracker that made up of 92% complex carbohydrate and provide consumers energy to meet the demand of the day. It is also specially formulated to provide low fat per serving, suitable for fat restricted diets. Therefore, Jacobs can strengthen or concentrate on this point when communicate with audience. Those who concern on healthy meal and lifestyle will attract by Jacobs cracker because it is made by wheat and contain a lot nutrients that needed by human being. Media Planning Strategy Media planning is a series of decisions that involved the delivering of promotional message to target audience. This set a direction to guide the strategy formulation of media such as broadcast, print, promotion, public relationship and other relevant media strategies. Therefore, media planning and strategy can assist Jacobs in determining the best way to reach their target audience. Jacobs media objective is to deliver the information of Jacobs cracker can help consumers to maintain their health and live a healthy lifestyle. So, media strategy will be formulated to achieve the media objective set through various media such as broadcast and print. Target Market/ Audience Jacobs focus on psychographic, people who concern on health issues and want to live a healthy lifestyle will be targeted. This group of people highly demands for healthy meal and snacks. Foods that they consume must be rich in nutrients and can benefits for their health. As Jacobs cracker contains rich nutrients, this would best suitable to consume by this group of people. Next, for the demographic segment, there is no restriction for age and gender. No matter male or female kids, teenagers, adults or golden citizens, all of them can consume the Jacobs crackers. Besides, Jacobs cracker is healthy and good quality it will be sold at medium price level. Therefore, medium level income group are targeted by Jacobs. In Malaysia, income amount between the ranges from RM2500 RM5000 will be considered as middle income group. This is the group can afford our products. Scheduling Jacobs can schedule its advertising in reaching their consumers through various media. There are 3 types of scheduling method which are continuity, flight and pulsing. Continuity means advertise evenly throughout the year while flight mean advertise in certain months that contain festival or event. Moreover, pulsing scheduling is the combination of continuity and flight. Since Jacobs cracker can be a daily consume product, it should adopt the continuity scheduling. In continuity scheduling, advertisement is continually maintained to send information and communicate with the target audiences. This is to keep target audiences aware of the brand and product and also promote product that newly launched. Advertisements that contain promotion, new product or contest will be spread evenly during every month. This would require a good amount of budget to adopt continuity scheduling. Broadcast media After all the steps, budget consideration is important in deciding and developing media strategy for various media. First of all, broadcast media will be the primary media for advertising Jacobs cracker. For Television advertising, TV channels such as Discovery Home and Health (channel 733), Asian Food Channel (channel 703), Food Network Asia HD (channel 727), TV 3, NTV7, 8TV and ASTRO would best to display Jacobs advertisement. It would spend a large amount to advertise in TV channels during prime time which means from 6 to 9 evening. Advertising on this time is effective in reaching target audiences because people normally will stay together with family for dinner and most of the people will have television switched on during their dinner time. Furthermore, the current TVC is using a family concept with caring to promote the Jacobs cracker. This does not contain much creativity because current and previous TVC also using the same concept. To avoid boredom of TVC, it should be more creative situation and ways to be used in future new TVC. Besides TVC, Jacobs also can use radio to advertise. Healthy people usually wake up early, so the suggested air time will be in the morning. Also, working group need breakfast for starting their day. Therefore, advertise during the morning session is more likely to be an effective way. Print media Next, print media such as magazines, newspaper also another media for Jacobs advertisement placement. Health issue related magazines such as Health Fitness Enthusiast magazine will the best to place Jacobs cracker advertisement. Normally health conscious group and healthy lifestyle maintainers will keep themselves update by purchasing health magazines. They concern on health issues, therefore the presence of Jacobs ad can easily attract their attention. Newspapers such as Sin Chew, The Star and Utusan Malaysia with different languages Chinese, English and Malay respectively are also suitable to place in Jacobs cracker advertisement. This is because newspapers are also an effective ways to reach different races of target audiences. Sales Promotions Jacobs can do promotion with different promotion techniques to attract purchasers. One of the promotion techniques will be pack 2 or more Jacobs cream cracker pack together to create a value pack and sell at a price. This value pack price normally is lower price than buy separately. Therefore, such promotion can attract and influence target audiences purchase intention. Moreover, Jacobs can increase the normal packing volume. For example, enlarge the packing volume from 800g to 850g, additional 50g added. This can considered as bonus packing that offer extra crackers but charged at normal price. Public Relation Publicity Jacobs can organize campaigns and events or roadshow to communicate with the public. Information of product or company can be delivered during the events. Besides, Jacobs can allocate a budget for sponsorship of events, for examples: exhibition and contests. Jacobs will be able to create brand awareness and high exposure by placing banners around the sponsor events venue. Others Billboard advertising usually is a large outdoor advertising structure, normally found along the side of highway, for example: PLUS highway. Billboard advertising is designed to grab audiences attention and create impression in their mind, leaving them think about the advertisement (Belch Belch, 2009). Transits advertising normally use in the cities with high volume of public transport such as buses and trains. Jacobs can print the advertisement on the public transports so that when the public transport move around in the city, it can grab citizens attention and create brand awareness. Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses Internet to deliver marketing messages in attracting customers. For example, Jacobs can use banner ads for advertise Jacobs cracker. Banner ads can be placed in health related blogs, websites and forums. Social network advertising is also another example. So, Jacobs can advertise in the Facebook social network platform. Although Jacobs Malaysia Facebook page exists, it does not seem to have frequent health related information sharing about Jacobs product. As a result, Jacobs should improve from this aspect. Broadcast Media Strategy Broadcast media is one of the important advertising strategies a company can use to create awareness, increase product or brand image. Jacobs can use broadcast media to reach the mass market since broadcast media is the most effective channel to achieve that; we are exposed to different broadcast media in every day. Jacobs original cracker is positioning as a healthy biscuit which is targeted on the healthy conscious people. Thus, they can create broadcast advertisements which are based on healthy conscious concept. Although they are already doing this currently, it should be continued, repeat it again and makes further improvements so that the target audiences are reinforced by this important message heavily. By reinforcing the message to the target audiences, the product image will be stronger. Jacobs original cracker is a consumer good. To effectively advertise it to the right target audiences, broadcast medias which are able to reach the mass market should be utilized heavily since the product is a consumer good and the target market is very wide, the healthy conscious people. There are two types of broadcast media Jacobs should use to advertise their product, television and radio. Television As mentioned in the earlier part, Jacobs is advertising their product through different television channels such as TV1, TV2, TV3, NTV7 and 8TV. This is actually a good effort to advertise the product and reach the target audiences. Utilization of television for advertising of Jacobs original cracker should be continued and make further improvements. Television allows the advertiser to create advertisement which is creative and high impact which is able to send the accurate messages well. Jacobs need this ability of television because concept of Jacobs original cracker which is the healthy biscuit is a vital message that should be sent to the target audiences accurately and effective. Jacobs has to utilize this ability of television to educate their target audiences well. To achieve that, a creative advertisement which includes the unique selling propositions and emotional selling propositions of Jacobs original cracker should be created with a suitable, attractive storyline. Furthermore, the advantage of coverage and cost effectiveness by television is another reason it should be used for Jacobs advertisement. As we know Jacobs original cracker is considered a consumer good and it should be advertised to the mass market, television can help Jacobs to achieve this very well. This is because everyone is exposed to television daily. Regardless of age, sex, income, education level, everyone at least watches some television. Moreover, advertising through television is able to capture the attention of the target audiences. Without making special efforts to avoid commercials, most of us are exposed to thousands of commercial in television each year. This indicates that television has a very high possibility to capture a very high population of people which includes the target audiences of Jacobs. This captivity is actually what Jacobs need because they need the attention of the target audiences before the correct messages can be educated. Although there are some criticisms on television, saying that television is not a good medium which is able to reach the precise target audiences. Fortunately, Jacobs can still use television to advertise their product. This is because one of the television companies in Malaysia, ASTRO offers different channels based on different interest. In case of Jacobs, there are channels like Discovery Home and Health(Channel 733), Asian Food Channel(Channel 703), Food Network Asia HD(Channel 727) which are suitable for Jacobs to advertise since the target audiences can be identified. Audiences who watch the channels mentioned would be a healthy conscious consumer and these audiences are exactly the target audiences of Jacobs. On the other hand, Jacobs should use network advertising for broadcast media to fully utilize the budgets. Network advertising is the most appropriate one for Jacobs. Although the budget would be higher than the spot advertising, network advertising provides Jacobs a few advantages. The purchase process of the airtime is simple for network advertising. Jacobs is dealing with only one party when come to the purchasing of airtime. Besides, audiences who watch the networks which are suitable for Jacobs such as Discovery Home and Health share the same interest, which is to seek a healthy lifestyle. Thus, when Jacobs advertise through the entire network, the target audiences can be reached in a higher chance. In terms of buying airtime method, participation should be chosen as a strategy of Jacobs. As mentioned earlier, Jacobs original cracker is a type of consumer goods which is to be advertised to the mass market. By participations through buying different commercial time, the advertisement of Jacobs can reach more audiences; this is what actually Jacobs need. Other than that, the expenditures of advertising can be controlled since there is no long term commitment to any program; Jacobs is considered only participate in sponsorship of the programs. In selecting the time periods for the advertisement, Jacobs should choose the prime time, 8pm to 11pm or morning time segment, 7am to 9am. Prime time is the time segment which is the most popular time period where most people watches television. Thus, for a consumer product like Jacobs original cracker, it should be advertisement in this time segment to have a greater reach of the target audiences. On the other hand, morning time segment can be chosen too. This is because most healthy conscious people who are the target audiences of Jacobs wake up early in every day. This can reach the target audiences effectively and efficiently. Radio Jacobs seldom advertise their product through the radio. Radio is actually another good media which can be used since it is able to reach the mass market too. Jacobs should start advertising more through radio as it can be used as an alternative medium instead of television. Radio is good in advertising because it can achieve the goal of most companies who are advertising their product, cost and efficiency. Cost for advertising through radio is low; radio commercials are inexpensive to produce and the cost for airtime in radio is also low. This is absolutely a great reason for any company including Jacobs to advertise. Other than that, low cost of advertising through radio in turn increases the efficiency. More reaches of the audiences and frequency of advertisement can be obtained since cost is lower down. Jacobs need this strategy to reach as much target audiences as possible. In addition, radio listeners are emotionally bond to the radio stations they listen frequently. In other words, they have a special, unique relationship with their preferred radio stations. Thus, advertise through radio is a good way to influence the thinking of the audiences. Since there is an emotional bond between the radio listeners and radio stations, advertisements appeared in the radio stations are easily accepted by these radio listeners. Jacobs should utilize this ability of radio to educate the target audiences about the concept of Jacobs original cracker, which is a healthy biscuit. Flexibility of radio for advertising is an ideal advantage for every company who wants to advertise including Jacobs. This ability is also unique as other media are not as flexible as radio. Messages can be easily adjusted any time before it goes out on air to suit the market conditions and situations. Other than that, another advantage which can be obtained through advertising on radio is mental imagery. The elements of the commercial on radio are only the jingle and the voice of the speaker. Although this is limiting the creativity of the advertisement, this allows the listeners to imagine about the product advertised. For instance, Jacobs advertised their Original Cracker through messages about how healthy a person will be by consuming their biscuit and the listeners may start imagine that they might becoming healthy as well if they eat the biscuit in every day. Spot radio is suitable for Jacobs to advertise their product. Network radio is not effective for Jacobs because there is no network of radio that attracts the specific interest of different listeners. Healthy conscious people may not listen to the same radio network. By spot radio, Jacobs can find suitable airtime on individual stations in different markets. This is more effective to reach the correct target market. In selecting the time periods for the advertisement, Jacobs should choose morning drive time or the daytime. The reason is simple. Healthy people wake up early in every day. Plus, working adults who drive in the morning have needs for a healthy breakfast. These supported the morning drive time is reasonable to be chosen. On the other hand, the second choice would be the daytime. This is because, except in the morning, people would like to eat biscuit in the daytime rather than other time periods in Malaysia. Print Media Strategy Print media is another media which advertisers use frequently to advertise their products. It is a popular media in addition to broadcast media. Print media is very much different with broadcast media. Print media allows the audiences to read the messages with own pace. Unlike print media, most broadcast media are on air for limited time period. Audiences may miss out some important messages which the advertisers want to send to them. Print media solve this problem by printed out the advertisement and audiences can read as many times as they wish. This may lead to a high involvement by target audiences who are been attracted. There are many different types of print media. We would like to recommend Jacobs to use magazine and newspaper as the print media. Magazine Magazine is a very powerful print media especially for different lifestyles and specific interests such as sports, automobile, healthy lifestyle and others. Thus, magazine is an ideal print media for advertising. This is because the different market segment can be easily found out by different lifestyles and specific interest. Jacobs seldom advertised their product on the magazine. Magazine should be utilized well. Magazine would be a useful print media for Jacobs to reach their target market effectively. This is because of their ability to reach a specific target audience. Most magazines are published for specific interest groups; this is same to the healthy conscious people. In Malaysia, there is a popular magazine called Oh! Only Health. This magazine is targeted on people who want a healthy lifestyle. Jacobs can create own advertisement for Original Cracker and advertised in this magazine to educate the target audience that Jacobs is selling healthy biscuit and it is suitable for them. Apart from that, the quality of the magazines papers is good. Thus, creativity of the advertisement would be not restricted and as creativity is good, audiences would be got attracted and messages can be sent well to the readers once they are attracted. In addition, magazines are normally read over few days and being kept for a long time. This means that the advertisement would be repeated each time the reader flips through the page which printed the advertisement. Jacobs need a repetitive advertisement so that people can remember them well. So, magazine is a very useful print media for Jacobs to advertise their product, original cracker. Furthermore, magazine is a media which people search for specific information. Other than newspaper, magazine would be the most reliable source for information for the consumers. Consumers would likely trust whatever information provided in the magazine. Same to the healthy lifestyle magazine, healthy conscious people would likely to find and know more ways to be healthier in their life through getting information from the healthy lifestyle magazine. Jacobs should take this opportunity to advertise their product as a healthy biscuit in the healthy lifestyle magazine to gain trust and positive word of mouth from the target audiences. These people who read the healthy lifestyle magazine would likely to become an opinion leader for other consumers. Thus, positive word of mouth from these opinion leaders is very important. Purchasing suitable, enough advertising space and position in magazine is important. Space and position should be decided with considerations on budget and impact of the advertisement. In case of Jacobs, there is not much information needed to be provided in the advertisement. Thus, a quarter page of space is actually enough to provide relevant, related and important information. Although Jacobs position as a healthy biscuit, there are many other healthy related activities, foods and others in the magazine. So, position of the advertisement by Jacobs should be focusing on cost rather than good position. This is to save cost of advertisement as magazine is considered a high cost print media. Newspaper Newspaper is the second major form of the print media. It is as popular as the magazine. Newspaper is important for advertisers because there are many readers of newspaper. Moreover, mostly any types of advertisement are suitable to be advertised in the newspaper since there are many sections in a newspaper. Jacobs has been advertising their product through newspapers such as Utusan Malaysia. This act should be continued to send important messages to the readers. One of the reasons newspaper should be used to advertise Jacobs product is its extensive penetration. The type of newspaper Jacobs would advertise is definitely the daily newspaper. As we know, there are many readers read newspaper daily. This shows the high degree of newspaper market coverage. Jacobs as mentioned before, they are selling consumer good, biscuit, newspaper would be very suitable for Jacobs to advertise its product, Original Cracker since a very high population of audiences including the target audiences can be reached. Jacobs should advertise their advertisement in the healthy section of the newspaper to match the target market. People who are concerned on healthy would find information about the knowledge about healthy food, activities and others in the newspaper. When these readers read the advertisement advertised by Jacobs in the health section, they would trust the information given because readers of newspaper trust the information provided by the newspaper. Although the advertising rate for Jacobs which is the retailer advertising rate is already cheaper than the general advertising rate, budget can be save through using a black and white advertisement in the n