Comparison of Good and Bad Pizza

Bio potential amplifier and its purpose essays

Bio potential amplifier and its purpose essays Amplifiers are an important part of the modern instrumentation systems for measuring bio potentials. Such measurements involve voltages that are often at low levels,have high source impedances,or both. Amplifiers are required to increase signal strength while maintaining high fidelity. Amplifiers that have been designed specifically for this type of processing are known as biopotential amplifiers. The essential function of a biopotential amplifier is to take a weak electrical signal of biological origin( eg: brain)and increase its amplitude so that it can be further processed, recorded or displayed. The input circuit of a biopotential amplifier must also provide protection to the organism being studied. Any current or potential appearing across the amplifier input terminals is capable of affecting the biological potential being measured. (Here in our project we have considered the processing part of the above mentioned system ensuring that a good isolation is achieved between the patient part and the power supply part of the circuit.) In clinical systems electric currents produced by the bio potential amplifier and seen at its input terminals can result in microshocks or macroshocks in the patient being studied-a situation that can have grave consequences.To avoid these problems the amplifier should have isolation and protection circuitry, so that the current through the electrode circuit can be kept at safe levels and any artefact generated by such current can be minimized. The other basic requirements of the biopotential amplifiers are : 1) The output impedance of the amplifier must be low with respect to the load impedance and the amplifier must be capable of supplying the power required by the load. 2) Must operate in that portion of the frequency spectrum in which the biopotentials they amplify exists. 3) They make quick calibration possible. EEG requires an amplifier with a frequency respons...

Organisational Design Problem Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Design Problem - Coursework Example The internal structures did not change to match the growth of the company like required for successful global expansions. As observed, the corporate culture left loopholes where the inferior performers get rewarded while the productive employees get penalized. The core value of the organizational structure is to ensure that activities like task allocation, coordination, and supervision get stirred towards achieving goals of an organization. As such, the structure of an organization is critical to the performance and operational modes. The structure is known to affect an organization in two positive dimensions. The first dimension is that it offers a foundation for the development of standard operating procedures and routines. The second dimension is the determination that individuals handle a certain task and decision-making process. The structure ensures that it defines the extent with which these views shape the organization’s choice (Campbell and Craig, 2005). There are several challenges faced by the company due to rapid expansion and poor organizational structure. When an organizational structure does not coincide with facts evolving in operational action, it leads to poor performance when the company is expanding (Armstrong, 1996). COY’s inadequate organizational structure hampered cooperation regarding the established centers and the headquarters. Consequently, it leads to the hindrance of completion of defined operations (Peris-Ortiz and Sahut, n.d.). The structure results in a lag in time and misuse of resources when poorly implemented. As such, the organizational structure should be adaptive to the process requirements. The primary aim would involve optimizing the ratio of effort and input to output (Bahram Ranjbarian, 2011). Normally, the strategy of a company that has poorly implemented its organizational structure will change but the

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Research Paper Example India’s involvement in space programs can be traced at the beginning of 1960s. Actually, it was just in 1962 that the authority that would control the relevant science projects established in India: reference is made to the ‘Indian National Committee for Space Research’ (Moltz 114). Since then, the country’s missions to space have been related to a particular target: to secure the social and economic environment of the country (Sadeh 303). More specifically, the space program of India has been based on ‘the needs of man and society’ (Moltz 114). However, if reviewed carefully, the particular program is proved as being far from its initial mission. One of the most important issues that should be taken into consideration when developing a space program is the program’s financing needs. In the case of India, this rule had not been followed. According to Sadeh (11) the gaps between the estimated cost of a space program and its final cost is a common problem in the specific sector. For this reason, the government of a country involved in such project needs to locate in advance potential sources of funds that could be used when the project would exceed its budget (Sadeh 11). In the case study it is explained that the cost of the whole project reached the level of $70m (page study, p.1), an amount that it is considered as extremely high if taking into consideration the current status of Indian economy. The review of the historical development of India’s space program shows that there has been no provision for covering extra costs during the project’s life cycle (Sadeh 303). On the other hand, the threat from neigbouring countries, especially of China, is often used as an argument for justifying India’s space program (Harding 107). According to the case study, India’s mission to Mars has been decided not so much for gathering information in regard to the planet’s ground and environment bu t mostly in order to verify the country’s technological advances especially compared to its key rival, i.e. China (page study, p.1). Of course, the potential use of space technology for securing the country’s safety in terms of national security cannot be ignored. However, such target would be in opposition with the program’s initial mission, i.e. to respond to the needs of the country’s social and economic environment (Sadeh 303). In other words, a contradiction appears between the targets on which the establishment of the program was based and the targets that appear today as the program’s priorities, such as the increase of India’s military strength towards its rivals, or the improvement of the country’s position in geo-political terms. The inappropriateness of India’s space mission, at least in regard to the current period of time, is also proved through the following facts: A) The status of India’s current infrastru cture seems to be quite low. In fact, it was a few days before the mission to Mars that due to severe damages the country’s power supply units stopped their operations; even if the problem caused by the weather the extension of the damage, about 825 electric poles had to be replaced, reveals the weakness of the country in maintaining its vital infrastructure (Salomi 2013). At this point, the following question appears: how the country could support a mission to space while facing such problems in regard to its energy infrastructure is a question that cannot be easily

Criminal Profiling of Satanic Followers Research Paper

Criminal Profiling of Satanic Followers - Research Paper Example There are reported several cases of a variety of crimes, inspired by the Black Pope’s Satanic teaching. A classic example of a ritualistic crime committed by self-styled Satanists is the story of La Vey’s disciples, ordered by their leader to perform high-profile murders (Kennedy, 2006). Another famous story involving satanic crime is the case of Richard Ramirez, â€Å"The Night Stalker†, who raped, tortured, and murdered several victims while forcing them to declare their love for Satan (Perlmutter, 2001). However, from the law enforcement perspective, it is not easy to classify a criminal activity as a satanic crime and, thus, reduce an investigation only to the suspects who claim to be Satanists (Lanning, 89). To start with, while there are several criteria that can help law enforcement officers to classify a crime as satanic, none of them is reliable enough to clearly define such a criminal activity. To start with, while some argue that the presence of certai n symbols, such as inverted crosses, pentagrams, or 666 makes a crime satanic, from the law enforcement perspective â€Å" unless there is a legal-valid perspective for doing so, police have no authority to seize any satanic or occult paraphernalia they might see during the search (Lewis, 2001). The symbols or signs have no any significance for the investigation unless they prove a criminal activity. If a victim includes a Satanic symbol when describing the instruments or a location of the crime, then the symbol can serve as an evidence.... The symbols or signs have no any significance for the investigation unless they prove a criminal activity. If a victim includes a Satanic symbol when describing the instruments or a location of the crime, then the symbol can serve as an evidence. However, many cases reveal that despite the presence of certain symbols in the possession of the offender, the crime had no Satanic relation. Furthermore, signs, symbols, and rituals cannot always be interpreted clearly as their meaning may change over time, place, and circumstance (Lewis, 2001). As an example, a swastika can represent either prosperity and good fortune, or Nazism and anti-Semitism, or – currently – hate, paranoia, and adolescent defiance. Especially in cases involving dabblers, teenagers, and other self-styled Satanists, who give the symbols their own meaning, the analysis of symbols and signs may only have a limited application. There are also cases of offenders leaving satanic symbols on the crime scene deli berately in order to make the crime look â€Å"satanic† and, thus, confuse the investigators. Thus, when law enforcement officers investigate alleged satanic crimes, they need to be objective fact finders (Lanning, 89). While law enforcement officers need to be trained to recognize the possible investigative significance of satanic symbols, rituals, and paraphernalia, it is impossible for one person to know the meaning of all the symbols and rituals of every spiritual belief system. Therefore, symbols cannot be used to clearly classify a law enforcement problem as a satanic activity (Kennedy, 2006). Following the concern about â€Å"unexplained† mutilations and murders of animals in the late

Situational Analysis And Imc Objective Marketing Essay

Situational Analysis And Imc Objective Marketing Essay By referring to Jacobs website, Jacobs is a brand names which well-known for quality and whole meal biscuits and their reputation that has already existed over few generations. Jacobs success can be attributed to the companys high standards in manufacturing best quality of biscuits, its continuous research and product development, and its commitment to ensure that its product are suit to the changing of consumer needs, taste buds, and lifestyles. Over the years, range of products of Jacobs has grown and changed from a plain cracker to a wide-ranging range of quality crackers and biscuits, including Wheat meal, Cream Cracker, Low Salt Hi-Fibre, Hi-Cal, Hi-Fibre, and Oatmeal biscuits. Jacob is using several ways of IMC strategies to promote its products to consumers. Advertising Referring to Jacobs website, Jacobs Original Cracker mainly advertises on TV channel such as TV 1, TV 2, TV 3, NTV 7, and 8TV. Jacobs advertise with different languages, included Malay, Chinese, and English. By doing this, we can say that Jacob is targeting general group of market which are Malay, Chinese, and English. According to Utusan Malaysia website, Jacobs also advertise on newspaper such as language in Bahasa: Utusan Malaysia and Berita Harian. In the newspaper, they are not directly advertising their product; Jacobs providing such as dessert recipe with Jacob cracker and educates consumers the correct ways for consumption. Contest Campaign By referring to the Jacobs website, Jacobs organized contest at the past with the title Jacobs Ibuku Inspirasiku, the prize worth up to RM 300,000. To join the contest, participants first have to gather any Jacobs cracker product that with the promotion label on the packing, minimum of 10 points for one submission. After that, participants have to click on Join Now at the website and fill in the details when prompted and key in the codes on Jacobs products pack to determine the accumulated points. Over the past few years, we can see that Jacobs not only advertising on newspaper and television but also organizing healthy campaign such as in year 2010, Jacobs Walk of Life and Strong Support for 1Malaysia Sihat. Apart from the 5 kilometre walk, participants also enjoyed of continuing booth activities that designed by co-sponsors such as free health check by Selangor State Health Department, free bone health check by Anlene, balloon sculptures, childrens face painting, and childrens inflatable at Kids Fun zone. There were also special performances by popular local artist, Black and One Nation Emcee entertained the crowd with their music. Due to the strong support by peoples in 2010, therefore in year 2011 Jacobs continued to organize the event with the title Jacobs Walk of Life 2011, Pledge to Health Social Media According to the websites of Jacobs, Jacobs is using social media platform, Facebook to communicate with their fans or followers. New information, updates, and sometime Jacobs will share the happiness or interesting news through Facebook. This social media platform allowed customers to interact with the company and its popular now. IMC objective Strengthen image The main objective of Jacobs is to build a strong image of the brand. In the strong competitive market, loyalty of customer is very important in the industry. When there is a strong image, customer will have awareness with and make it as one of the preference. With the higher recognition of the brand, the chances to increase loyal customer is also high. Increase sales Sales are one of the important factor for a company, because the revenue is generate by the sales. Every company will try to archive sales target to have more profits. More profit is needed in order to run a business. Creative Strategy Creative strategy is generally the outcome of a team with one or more copywriters, an art director and a creative director. It is to explain how the advertising campaign will meet the businesss advertising objective. The outline is prepared by the creative team of an advertising agency for the launching of an advertising campaign or message. Creative strategy includes unique selling proposition and emotional selling proposition; both can determine the advertising messages that deliver to target audiences in a creative manner. Unique Selling Proposition Unique selling proposition normally is a critical component of a promotional theme that contributes to the building of an advertising campaign. It states the real or perceived benefit of a product or service and then differentiates from its competitors. This would also affect the buyers purchase intention as it can give its buyer a logical reason. Jacobs using a unique and innovative technique for Jacobs Cream Crackers to remain, the classic cracker brand using the traditional special baking techniques since 1885, to make crackers outside distinctively crispy and the center is slightly softer textured, with a yeasty dough classic flavor. Jacobs product contain wheat, this is a source rich of nutrient, this makes Jacobs cracker position in a healthy food industry. Therefore, Jacobs uses USP to create positive and unique identity in customers mind. (Belch Belch, 2009) Uniqueness Jacobs cream cracker made with whole grains. Grains are grasses that produce edible starchy seeds that can be processes as a source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber. According to the JACOBs website, foods such as wheat, rice and oat are considered as cereal grains and these cereal grains are high in carbohydrates that provide energy for humans daily activities. Therefore, Jacobs cream cracker also considered as healthy cracker which provides 72mg calories per serving. Jacobs Actimix standard, Jacobs cracker is a 92% wheat cereal, low fat level, no added sugar, coloring, flavoring and preservatives. Whole grain provides nutrients from all parts of the grain. Whole grain must consist of three parts: bran, germ and endosperm. Figure1 below is a graph that cropped from the Jacobs Malaysia website (http://www.jacobs.com.my) that well explains the whole grain and its nutrient consist: C:UsersK3nnyDesktopUntitled.png Figure1 Benefits Jacobs cream crackers mainly consist of 5 ingredients: wheat flour, palm oil, salt, sodium bicarbonate and yeast. Wheat is rich in essential nutrients that offer important health benefits to consumers. It is also a good source of energy from carbohydrates. It contains B-vitamins and minerals to help release energy from carbohydrates. Besides, wheat also contains protein that supports the body building process while fiber that helps to maintain a healthy digestive system. Therefore, by consuming Jacobs cream cracker, consumer can lower the risk of getting several chronic diseases and condition for examples, heart diseases, cancer, diabetes and gastrointestinal troubles. Furthermore, consuming wheat diet also benefits consumers in terms of boosting immunity, bone health and other wellness goals. So, according to the nutrient fact of Jacobs cream cracker, it is not more than 6 grams of fat per serving and it is useful in fat-restricted diets. Potent Jacobs cream crackers are well known for its richness in nutrients and healthiness. Since 1885 until today, Jacobs using the same special baking techniques, to make crackers outside distinctively crispy and the center is slighter softer, together with the classic yeasty dough flavor. In Malaysia, Jacobs cracker was manufactured and produced by Kraft Food Malaysia. Kraft was awarded the Prime Minister Award during year 1993 for the quality biscuit standard. This would increase the purchasers confident towards Jacobs cream cracker. DRIP Framework Differentiation Jacobs cream cracker position itself as healthy cracker which it is made with wheat flours. Therefore, Jacobs cracker can be taken as a source of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber. It also stated that Jacobs cracker containing Actimix. The USP allows Jacobs to differentiation itself from other competitor with the nutrients and healthy fact. Furthermore, Jacobs in under the Kraft Food Malaysia, the quality of cracker can be assured. Reinforce Jacobs cream cracker is healthy and nutritious that can provides energy for daily activities. Besides that, Jacobs also come out with more range of crackers. For examples: High-iron, Hi-Fiber, Low-Salt, Hi-Calcium and etc. This can fulfill the different needs of nutrients by consumers. Jacobs can emphasize more on nutrients and healthy lifestyle information to consumers. Inform Jacobs mainly advertises in television and newspaper. The advertisement is created to build awareness of audience and reader. Besides, Jacobs also having a Facebook Page called Jacobs Malaysia. It is a platform for Jacobs to share information of its products and also let its consumers to share their experience on consuming Jacobs cracker. Moreover, Jacobs also organize special games and activities such as Jacobs Walk of Life. Participants that complete the walk will be given a gift bag with Jacobs products. This is also a form of introducing Jacobs cracker and building healthy brand images for Jacobs. Persuade Jacobs emphasize on the crackers nutrients and healthy facts. Besides, Jacobs cracker contain Actimix is a great cracker that made up of 92% complex carbohydrate and provide consumers energy to meet the demand of the day. It is also specially formulated to provide low fat per serving, suitable for fat restricted diets. Therefore, Jacobs can strengthen or concentrate on this point when communicate with audience. Those who concern on healthy meal and lifestyle will attract by Jacobs cracker because it is made by wheat and contain a lot nutrients that needed by human being. Media Planning Strategy Media planning is a series of decisions that involved the delivering of promotional message to target audience. This set a direction to guide the strategy formulation of media such as broadcast, print, promotion, public relationship and other relevant media strategies. Therefore, media planning and strategy can assist Jacobs in determining the best way to reach their target audience. Jacobs media objective is to deliver the information of Jacobs cracker can help consumers to maintain their health and live a healthy lifestyle. So, media strategy will be formulated to achieve the media objective set through various media such as broadcast and print. Target Market/ Audience Jacobs focus on psychographic, people who concern on health issues and want to live a healthy lifestyle will be targeted. This group of people highly demands for healthy meal and snacks. Foods that they consume must be rich in nutrients and can benefits for their health. As Jacobs cracker contains rich nutrients, this would best suitable to consume by this group of people. Next, for the demographic segment, there is no restriction for age and gender. No matter male or female kids, teenagers, adults or golden citizens, all of them can consume the Jacobs crackers. Besides, Jacobs cracker is healthy and good quality it will be sold at medium price level. Therefore, medium level income group are targeted by Jacobs. In Malaysia, income amount between the ranges from RM2500 RM5000 will be considered as middle income group. This is the group can afford our products. Scheduling Jacobs can schedule its advertising in reaching their consumers through various media. There are 3 types of scheduling method which are continuity, flight and pulsing. Continuity means advertise evenly throughout the year while flight mean advertise in certain months that contain festival or event. Moreover, pulsing scheduling is the combination of continuity and flight. Since Jacobs cracker can be a daily consume product, it should adopt the continuity scheduling. In continuity scheduling, advertisement is continually maintained to send information and communicate with the target audiences. This is to keep target audiences aware of the brand and product and also promote product that newly launched. Advertisements that contain promotion, new product or contest will be spread evenly during every month. This would require a good amount of budget to adopt continuity scheduling. Broadcast media After all the steps, budget consideration is important in deciding and developing media strategy for various media. First of all, broadcast media will be the primary media for advertising Jacobs cracker. For Television advertising, TV channels such as Discovery Home and Health (channel 733), Asian Food Channel (channel 703), Food Network Asia HD (channel 727), TV 3, NTV7, 8TV and ASTRO would best to display Jacobs advertisement. It would spend a large amount to advertise in TV channels during prime time which means from 6 to 9 evening. Advertising on this time is effective in reaching target audiences because people normally will stay together with family for dinner and most of the people will have television switched on during their dinner time. Furthermore, the current TVC is using a family concept with caring to promote the Jacobs cracker. This does not contain much creativity because current and previous TVC also using the same concept. To avoid boredom of TVC, it should be more creative situation and ways to be used in future new TVC. Besides TVC, Jacobs also can use radio to advertise. Healthy people usually wake up early, so the suggested air time will be in the morning. Also, working group need breakfast for starting their day. Therefore, advertise during the morning session is more likely to be an effective way. Print media Next, print media such as magazines, newspaper also another media for Jacobs advertisement placement. Health issue related magazines such as Health Fitness Enthusiast magazine will the best to place Jacobs cracker advertisement. Normally health conscious group and healthy lifestyle maintainers will keep themselves update by purchasing health magazines. They concern on health issues, therefore the presence of Jacobs ad can easily attract their attention. Newspapers such as Sin Chew, The Star and Utusan Malaysia with different languages Chinese, English and Malay respectively are also suitable to place in Jacobs cracker advertisement. This is because newspapers are also an effective ways to reach different races of target audiences. Sales Promotions Jacobs can do promotion with different promotion techniques to attract purchasers. One of the promotion techniques will be pack 2 or more Jacobs cream cracker pack together to create a value pack and sell at a price. This value pack price normally is lower price than buy separately. Therefore, such promotion can attract and influence target audiences purchase intention. Moreover, Jacobs can increase the normal packing volume. For example, enlarge the packing volume from 800g to 850g, additional 50g added. This can considered as bonus packing that offer extra crackers but charged at normal price. Public Relation Publicity Jacobs can organize campaigns and events or roadshow to communicate with the public. Information of product or company can be delivered during the events. Besides, Jacobs can allocate a budget for sponsorship of events, for examples: exhibition and contests. Jacobs will be able to create brand awareness and high exposure by placing banners around the sponsor events venue. Others Billboard advertising usually is a large outdoor advertising structure, normally found along the side of highway, for example: PLUS highway. Billboard advertising is designed to grab audiences attention and create impression in their mind, leaving them think about the advertisement (Belch Belch, 2009). Transits advertising normally use in the cities with high volume of public transport such as buses and trains. Jacobs can print the advertisement on the public transports so that when the public transport move around in the city, it can grab citizens attention and create brand awareness. Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses Internet to deliver marketing messages in attracting customers. For example, Jacobs can use banner ads for advertise Jacobs cracker. Banner ads can be placed in health related blogs, websites and forums. Social network advertising is also another example. So, Jacobs can advertise in the Facebook social network platform. Although Jacobs Malaysia Facebook page exists, it does not seem to have frequent health related information sharing about Jacobs product. As a result, Jacobs should improve from this aspect. Broadcast Media Strategy Broadcast media is one of the important advertising strategies a company can use to create awareness, increase product or brand image. Jacobs can use broadcast media to reach the mass market since broadcast media is the most effective channel to achieve that; we are exposed to different broadcast media in every day. Jacobs original cracker is positioning as a healthy biscuit which is targeted on the healthy conscious people. Thus, they can create broadcast advertisements which are based on healthy conscious concept. Although they are already doing this currently, it should be continued, repeat it again and makes further improvements so that the target audiences are reinforced by this important message heavily. By reinforcing the message to the target audiences, the product image will be stronger. Jacobs original cracker is a consumer good. To effectively advertise it to the right target audiences, broadcast medias which are able to reach the mass market should be utilized heavily since the product is a consumer good and the target market is very wide, the healthy conscious people. There are two types of broadcast media Jacobs should use to advertise their product, television and radio. Television As mentioned in the earlier part, Jacobs is advertising their product through different television channels such as TV1, TV2, TV3, NTV7 and 8TV. This is actually a good effort to advertise the product and reach the target audiences. Utilization of television for advertising of Jacobs original cracker should be continued and make further improvements. Television allows the advertiser to create advertisement which is creative and high impact which is able to send the accurate messages well. Jacobs need this ability of television because concept of Jacobs original cracker which is the healthy biscuit is a vital message that should be sent to the target audiences accurately and effective. Jacobs has to utilize this ability of television to educate their target audiences well. To achieve that, a creative advertisement which includes the unique selling propositions and emotional selling propositions of Jacobs original cracker should be created with a suitable, attractive storyline. Furthermore, the advantage of coverage and cost effectiveness by television is another reason it should be used for Jacobs advertisement. As we know Jacobs original cracker is considered a consumer good and it should be advertised to the mass market, television can help Jacobs to achieve this very well. This is because everyone is exposed to television daily. Regardless of age, sex, income, education level, everyone at least watches some television. Moreover, advertising through television is able to capture the attention of the target audiences. Without making special efforts to avoid commercials, most of us are exposed to thousands of commercial in television each year. This indicates that television has a very high possibility to capture a very high population of people which includes the target audiences of Jacobs. This captivity is actually what Jacobs need because they need the attention of the target audiences before the correct messages can be educated. Although there are some criticisms on television, saying that television is not a good medium which is able to reach the precise target audiences. Fortunately, Jacobs can still use television to advertise their product. This is because one of the television companies in Malaysia, ASTRO offers different channels based on different interest. In case of Jacobs, there are channels like Discovery Home and Health(Channel 733), Asian Food Channel(Channel 703), Food Network Asia HD(Channel 727) which are suitable for Jacobs to advertise since the target audiences can be identified. Audiences who watch the channels mentioned would be a healthy conscious consumer and these audiences are exactly the target audiences of Jacobs. On the other hand, Jacobs should use network advertising for broadcast media to fully utilize the budgets. Network advertising is the most appropriate one for Jacobs. Although the budget would be higher than the spot advertising, network advertising provides Jacobs a few advantages. The purchase process of the airtime is simple for network advertising. Jacobs is dealing with only one party when come to the purchasing of airtime. Besides, audiences who watch the networks which are suitable for Jacobs such as Discovery Home and Health share the same interest, which is to seek a healthy lifestyle. Thus, when Jacobs advertise through the entire network, the target audiences can be reached in a higher chance. In terms of buying airtime method, participation should be chosen as a strategy of Jacobs. As mentioned earlier, Jacobs original cracker is a type of consumer goods which is to be advertised to the mass market. By participations through buying different commercial time, the advertisement of Jacobs can reach more audiences; this is what actually Jacobs need. Other than that, the expenditures of advertising can be controlled since there is no long term commitment to any program; Jacobs is considered only participate in sponsorship of the programs. In selecting the time periods for the advertisement, Jacobs should choose the prime time, 8pm to 11pm or morning time segment, 7am to 9am. Prime time is the time segment which is the most popular time period where most people watches television. Thus, for a consumer product like Jacobs original cracker, it should be advertisement in this time segment to have a greater reach of the target audiences. On the other hand, morning time segment can be chosen too. This is because most healthy conscious people who are the target audiences of Jacobs wake up early in every day. This can reach the target audiences effectively and efficiently. Radio Jacobs seldom advertise their product through the radio. Radio is actually another good media which can be used since it is able to reach the mass market too. Jacobs should start advertising more through radio as it can be used as an alternative medium instead of television. Radio is good in advertising because it can achieve the goal of most companies who are advertising their product, cost and efficiency. Cost for advertising through radio is low; radio commercials are inexpensive to produce and the cost for airtime in radio is also low. This is absolutely a great reason for any company including Jacobs to advertise. Other than that, low cost of advertising through radio in turn increases the efficiency. More reaches of the audiences and frequency of advertisement can be obtained since cost is lower down. Jacobs need this strategy to reach as much target audiences as possible. In addition, radio listeners are emotionally bond to the radio stations they listen frequently. In other words, they have a special, unique relationship with their preferred radio stations. Thus, advertise through radio is a good way to influence the thinking of the audiences. Since there is an emotional bond between the radio listeners and radio stations, advertisements appeared in the radio stations are easily accepted by these radio listeners. Jacobs should utilize this ability of radio to educate the target audiences about the concept of Jacobs original cracker, which is a healthy biscuit. Flexibility of radio for advertising is an ideal advantage for every company who wants to advertise including Jacobs. This ability is also unique as other media are not as flexible as radio. Messages can be easily adjusted any time before it goes out on air to suit the market conditions and situations. Other than that, another advantage which can be obtained through advertising on radio is mental imagery. The elements of the commercial on radio are only the jingle and the voice of the speaker. Although this is limiting the creativity of the advertisement, this allows the listeners to imagine about the product advertised. For instance, Jacobs advertised their Original Cracker through messages about how healthy a person will be by consuming their biscuit and the listeners may start imagine that they might becoming healthy as well if they eat the biscuit in every day. Spot radio is suitable for Jacobs to advertise their product. Network radio is not effective for Jacobs because there is no network of radio that attracts the specific interest of different listeners. Healthy conscious people may not listen to the same radio network. By spot radio, Jacobs can find suitable airtime on individual stations in different markets. This is more effective to reach the correct target market. In selecting the time periods for the advertisement, Jacobs should choose morning drive time or the daytime. The reason is simple. Healthy people wake up early in every day. Plus, working adults who drive in the morning have needs for a healthy breakfast. These supported the morning drive time is reasonable to be chosen. On the other hand, the second choice would be the daytime. This is because, except in the morning, people would like to eat biscuit in the daytime rather than other time periods in Malaysia. Print Media Strategy Print media is another media which advertisers use frequently to advertise their products. It is a popular media in addition to broadcast media. Print media is very much different with broadcast media. Print media allows the audiences to read the messages with own pace. Unlike print media, most broadcast media are on air for limited time period. Audiences may miss out some important messages which the advertisers want to send to them. Print media solve this problem by printed out the advertisement and audiences can read as many times as they wish. This may lead to a high involvement by target audiences who are been attracted. There are many different types of print media. We would like to recommend Jacobs to use magazine and newspaper as the print media. Magazine Magazine is a very powerful print media especially for different lifestyles and specific interests such as sports, automobile, healthy lifestyle and others. Thus, magazine is an ideal print media for advertising. This is because the different market segment can be easily found out by different lifestyles and specific interest. Jacobs seldom advertised their product on the magazine. Magazine should be utilized well. Magazine would be a useful print media for Jacobs to reach their target market effectively. This is because of their ability to reach a specific target audience. Most magazines are published for specific interest groups; this is same to the healthy conscious people. In Malaysia, there is a popular magazine called Oh! Only Health. This magazine is targeted on people who want a healthy lifestyle. Jacobs can create own advertisement for Original Cracker and advertised in this magazine to educate the target audience that Jacobs is selling healthy biscuit and it is suitable for them. Apart from that, the quality of the magazines papers is good. Thus, creativity of the advertisement would be not restricted and as creativity is good, audiences would be got attracted and messages can be sent well to the readers once they are attracted. In addition, magazines are normally read over few days and being kept for a long time. This means that the advertisement would be repeated each time the reader flips through the page which printed the advertisement. Jacobs need a repetitive advertisement so that people can remember them well. So, magazine is a very useful print media for Jacobs to advertise their product, original cracker. Furthermore, magazine is a media which people search for specific information. Other than newspaper, magazine would be the most reliable source for information for the consumers. Consumers would likely trust whatever information provided in the magazine. Same to the healthy lifestyle magazine, healthy conscious people would likely to find and know more ways to be healthier in their life through getting information from the healthy lifestyle magazine. Jacobs should take this opportunity to advertise their product as a healthy biscuit in the healthy lifestyle magazine to gain trust and positive word of mouth from the target audiences. These people who read the healthy lifestyle magazine would likely to become an opinion leader for other consumers. Thus, positive word of mouth from these opinion leaders is very important. Purchasing suitable, enough advertising space and position in magazine is important. Space and position should be decided with considerations on budget and impact of the advertisement. In case of Jacobs, there is not much information needed to be provided in the advertisement. Thus, a quarter page of space is actually enough to provide relevant, related and important information. Although Jacobs position as a healthy biscuit, there are many other healthy related activities, foods and others in the magazine. So, position of the advertisement by Jacobs should be focusing on cost rather than good position. This is to save cost of advertisement as magazine is considered a high cost print media. Newspaper Newspaper is the second major form of the print media. It is as popular as the magazine. Newspaper is important for advertisers because there are many readers of newspaper. Moreover, mostly any types of advertisement are suitable to be advertised in the newspaper since there are many sections in a newspaper. Jacobs has been advertising their product through newspapers such as Utusan Malaysia. This act should be continued to send important messages to the readers. One of the reasons newspaper should be used to advertise Jacobs product is its extensive penetration. The type of newspaper Jacobs would advertise is definitely the daily newspaper. As we know, there are many readers read newspaper daily. This shows the high degree of newspaper market coverage. Jacobs as mentioned before, they are selling consumer good, biscuit, newspaper would be very suitable for Jacobs to advertise its product, Original Cracker since a very high population of audiences including the target audiences can be reached. Jacobs should advertise their advertisement in the healthy section of the newspaper to match the target market. People who are concerned on healthy would find information about the knowledge about healthy food, activities and others in the newspaper. When these readers read the advertisement advertised by Jacobs in the health section, they would trust the information given because readers of newspaper trust the information provided by the newspaper. Although the advertising rate for Jacobs which is the retailer advertising rate is already cheaper than the general advertising rate, budget can be save through using a black and white advertisement in the n

Pocahontas :: essays research papers

Who really was Pocahontas? Was she like the Indian girl in the Disney movie, who saved her reservation? Yes and no. She was an Indian of the Algonquian Indians. Her father was Powhatan, the chief. Her original name, however was in fact, Matoaka. But Pocahontas mean â€Å"playful, frolicsome little girl† and so they nicknamed her that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The meeting and capturing of her acquaintance, and possible first love, John Smith, was in fact true. But, the saving of him may be as made up and make believe as the movie. Many people speculate the authenticity of the â€Å"execution and salvation† story, told by Smith. Supposedly, Smith’s Englishmen team landed in Jamestown, 12 miles from the Indian reservation. John Smith was captured and forced to stretch on two flat stones, then out of nowhere, and little Indian girl cam up and put herself on his body as to say, â€Å"Kill me instead†. Weather this is true or not, it doesn’t change the rest of her story. After the â€Å"saved’ him, Smith and the Indians became friendly for the following year. Smith stayed in Jamestown, and Pocahontas visited him frequently. She carried messages from her father, and other Indians carried food, fur, and then traded hatchets and trinkets. After a while, Smith’s relationship with the Powhatas worsened. Pocahontas’s visits started to lessen, and in 1806, Smith was injured, and had to go back to England. Pocahontas went on with her life though, she married an Indian â€Å"Pryvate Captyne† named Kocoum in 1610. Although in 1614, she fell in love with an Englishman, John Rolfe. They married and she got baptized. They went to London with a man named Sir Thomas Dale, and a dozen other Indians. She was presented to King James I, and all of the royal family. John Smith, the man who she had not seen in eight years, was also in London at the time. They met, and talked about the past, but at first she couldn’t speak, she was overcome with emotion. This was their last meeting.After 6 months, Ralf and his family wanted to go back to Virginia, but unfortunately, Pocahontas didn’t make it. She was ill from pneumonia. Pocahontas affected society, she was a compassionate girl, and saw to it that the colonists got food. She was also known to have saved lives of certain colonists. John Smith wrote that Pocohontas was â€Å" the instrument to pursurve this colony from death, famine and utter confusion.

Decisions together to make our performance stronger Essay

The ‘development’ process in drama is where as an actor or director a person looks, in depth, at the meaning of the plot, the feelings created by this and the stage directions and uses or implements these in his or her own dictation of the scene to his or her own taste and liking. Development can also be achieved in groups where, as diplomacy, we can decide on which aspects of the script we wish to implement and which stage directions we also wish to implement or create so as to better perform a section, or whole, of a play in the surroundings and set provided. In this case I developed my section of the script (pages 70-71) in a group of two, where we made choices and decisions together to make our performance stronger and to make the performance work and flow more easily. Shortly after we began to rehearse, we decided that it would be better if the actor playing ‘Mickey’ in the section, which was myself, began the scene sitting, so that we could add levels into the performance and so that the mood of Mickey and the entire scene came across as a contrast between the joy of Edward and the depression of Mickey. Another reason we chose to add levels to the performance (from the beginning) was so that we could show the difference in class between Mickey and Edward. We had no costumes so we were forced to show the upset and depression of Mickey purely with expressions and in posture and position. Where as, we had to show the happiness and excitement from Edward, which was far more easy to procure, in the way he moved around the stage quickly and also in happy expressions and in innocence (e. g. when Edward asked questions he needed to not understand Mickey, to not realise how he was feeling and so he needed to be very upbeat and confused). Another factor which came into our minds when rehearsing the section was the time of day we believed the section to have been set in and in this our opinions differed. My partner believed that the section happened in the day, with snow falling from the trees, creating a beautiful picture in the viewer’s mind which would have been spoiled by the upset of Mickey. However, I believed that the section would have taken place at night. The air would have been dark and smelt of gas and the area around Mickey would have been run-down and ‘worn-out’ so to speak. This would have, in my opinion, made Mickey’s story of unwork seem more plausible to the audience as they would have been able to feel the depression and coldness in the atmosphere. Unfortunately, being limited to the use of only lighting and minimal props we had to settle with the idea of dimmed lighting to show the depression, darkness and resentment in the atmosphere. As I mentioned before we decided to show the difference in moods between the characters in the section (Edward and Mickey) by their movements and actions and the speed of these. We chose to portray Mickey as a slow and upset figure, and this was because we saw that he was upset and depressed by not being in work and also, was jealous of Edward’s life at university and the money he had. We hoped that, by making Mickey slow and angry we could show how he felt inside to the audience without having to describe what had happened to him beforehand. On the other hand, we needed to show the excitement and happiness of Edward so as to give a full portrayal of the section. We decided that large amounts of fast movement was the best way to show how happy Edward was, when entering the scene, to see Mickey. Movement on stage (from one side to the other), coupled with various hand motions was also the way we decided to portray the excitement of Edward in the section. This said we had to remember that Edward didn’t need to move too much because this would make him look nervous or as if the actor playing him was his or herself nervous. Bearing this in mind we decided to make Edward move in his lines from one side of Mickey to the other, at the beginning of the section. As the section progressed we needed to show how the atmosphere and moods of the characters changed as they confronted one another and we decided to do this by slowing the movements of Edward and changing his actions and expressions to a more uneasy mood and also to change the mood of Mickey so that he was even more angry as Edward revealed the wonderful time he had been enjoying whilst he was away. For example, when Edward says the line: ‘Mickey, it’s fantastic. I haven’t been to so many parties in my life. And there’s just so many tremendous people, but you’ll meet them Mick, some of them, Baz, Ronnie and Clare and oh, lots of them. They’re coming over to stay for the New Year, for the party. Ooh it’s just . . . it’s great, Mickey. ‘ we decided that he should become happier and more excited and move more as the line goes on but that Mickey shouldn’t look at him but that he should become more and more angry in his expressions. Climaxing in perhaps hitting his leg or some other action to show frustration. Also, we decided that as Edward asks more and more questions Mickey should become more and more annoyed and that his speech should become more and more strained as if he is trying to withhold his anger but still remain seated. This is until the line: ‘You. You’re a dick head! ‘ where we believe that Mickey should stand and shout the line to contrast from the rest of his speech and to show his anger at Edward in full, for the first time. We decided that, in Edward’s next speech he should still sound innocent and speak as if he knows everything about being poor and face the audience, sounding proud and sure of himself. Whilst this happens Mickey would become more and more annoyed at him but now speak more calmly, as if he has regained control of his rage. As the section concludes I think that Mickey should perhaps ‘mock’ Edward for ‘still being a kid’ etc. And this would show how he has changed, to contrast from how he was Edward’s best friend. Mickey should talk as if disgusted at Edward but remaining calm and envious of him. Oppositely, Edward, as the scene concludes, should turn from being innocent and confused to turn and be on the verge of anger. The line: ‘I’m exactly the same age as you, Mickey’ should be portrayed with a slight hint of anger towards Mickey from Edward. However, after this, Edward should become calm again and then change, as Mickey announces his last line, so that he seems upset and on the verge of tears. In the last line, Mickey should begin facing Edward but as the line moves on he should turn to face away from him, half to the audience, half to the other side of the stage and Edward should stare at his back so that we can see the expressions they expose. Both should be upset, Mickey should sound harsh but actually be upset about what he is saying and Edward should just be upset so the audience can see the brothers, separated and see them upset. In the pause, both of the characters should remain still, Edward staring at Mickey and Mickey staring at the audience. Then, as the pause ends, Mickey should turn to face Edward and shout the final line: ‘Go on . . . beat it before I hit y† and, at this point, there should be another pause. After this Edward would slowly back away and Mickey should turn again to face the audience. Both characters should have expressions of upset on their faces to show how the mood of the scene has changed. So that the audience can feel the upset and the separation of the brothers, the lights should fade so that a spot is left on each brother. This would not only portray the mood but would show how the brothers feel inside without each other.

Titration lab essays

Titration lab essays The study of acid-base titrations involves consideration of the reactants which occur between acids and bases. For this purpose, it is convenient to distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases. The term strong usually refers to a substance which is completely dissociated into its component ions in a solution, while weak generally refers to a substance which is only partially dissociated. The principle of this experiment was to find out if the label on the bottle of vinegar was correctly displaying the percent mass of acetic acid as 5 percent through titration. Titration involves the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite and known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration. In this experiment the technique of titration was used to determine the concentration of solutions of acids and bases. By carrying out this process, concentration of the unknown solution can be calculated. In this lab, vinegar was added to a flask, as well as the color indicator phenolphthalein, and NaOH was added slowly until the amount of moles of base and acid were equivalent. From this the concentration of vinegar was determined, as well as the percent composition of acetic acid, proving that vinegar without a doubt is 5 percent acetic acid. The Phenolphthalein indicator is pink in basic solution, colorless in acid. We measured out three 25.0-mL samples of the unknown acid solution (recording the precise value of the volume each time), and put two drops of phenolphthalein in each. We than filled the buret to near the top with the standard NaOH solution and record the initial level. After that we slowly added NaOH to the acid solution, being careful to turn it ...

Would You Rather, an Icebreaker Game for Adults

Would You Rather, an Icebreaker Game for Adults This party game is perfect for use in the classroom, at a seminar or workshop, or any gathering of adults. Its easy and lots of fun. Would you rather be bald or completely hairy? Give your students impossible questions to answer and help them ease into learning together. Why Use Ice Breaker Games? Icebreakers are important tools for teachers of adults.  If youre teaching adults, you know they learn differently than children. They come to the classroom with a lot of life experience, some more than others, of course, and some of them bring wisdom, too, depending on their age. When you begin a new class or start a new lesson, an icebreaker game can help your adult students feel more comfortable participating by getting them to laugh, helping them to meet fellow students, and relaxing everyone. Have fun. People engage in learning more quickly when the experience is fun. Starting a session or a lesson plan with an icebreaker can help your adult students focus on whatever you have gathered to learn. Instructions The game takes 30-60 minutes, depending on the size of the group. Break large groups into smaller groups by counting off if you have less time for this exercise. Give the participants a minute to think of a Would You Rathe question. Give some examples. There are published Would You Rather books and game cards available for sale if you have the budget to purchase them, but once you get going, you can easily make questions up yourself. If your group does not seem creative at all, you can always print handouts with question ideas and let your students choose from the list. Introduce yourself and ask the first person your question. Example: My name is Deb, and I want to know if you would rather speak to a large group or hold a snake. After the person answers, he or she should give their name and ask the next person their question. And so on. Save time for laughter and explanations if appropriate! Depending on the purpose of your class or meeting, ask participants to come up with a meaningful or thought-provoking question. If you use this game as an energizer, encourage people to just be silly. Debriefing Is Not Necessary No debriefing is necessary unless you’ve asked the group to come up with questions related to your topic. If so, some of the choices probably inspired some remarkable responses. Choose a few to discuss further or to use as a lead-in to your first lecture or activity. This icebreaker game makes a good warm-up exercise for adult education lesson plans. Would You Rather Ideas If you need some questions to get the game rolling, start with these and see if they inspire others: Would you rather play Monopoly or chess?Would you rather have super hearing or x-ray vision?Would you rather be good at drawing or singing?Would you rather be a cat or a fish?Would you rather be Catwoman or Wonder Woman?Would you rather babysit a couples child or their dog?Would you rather go one year without TV or without reading books?Would you rather attend a big party or have an intimate dinner with a few friends?Would you rather lose your hearing or lose your sight?Would you rather be able to breathe underwater or fly?

Business Analysis Of Deutsche Bank Research Paper

Business Analysis Of Deutsche Bank - Research Paper Example On the other hand, Wall Street's S&P 500 index rose only 3%. (Deutsche Bank Group Annual Report, 2005). The value of the bank therefore rose by 10 billion to 45.42 billion. (Deutsche Bank Group Annual Report, 2005) Increase firm value and increase dividends is reflecting good performance during the year 2004. The increase in stock price might also be as a result of the announcement of the higher dividends, thus signalling some positive information about the profitability of the company to potential investors who increase their bids for the stock thereby causing the rise in its price. Basic Earnings per share, the portion of the bank's profit allocated to each outstanding shareholder and which serves as an indicator of profitability also witnessed an increase from 5.02 in 2004 to 7.62 in 2005. This represents a percentage increase of The diluted earnings per share represents the earnings per share, including common stock, preference shares, unexercised stock options, unexercised warrants, and some convertible bonds. The figures for Deutsche Bank during the periods 2004 and 2005 were 4.53 and 6.95 respectively. This translates to a percentage increase from 2004 to 2005 of: The average equity shares outstanding in 2004 and 2005 were 493 and 463 respectively. This reflects a decrease in the number of shares by 493million-463million = 30million. This decrease might be attributed to redemption of shares through share repurchases. For example the company completed its share buy bank program in 2005. (Deutsche Bank Annual Report, 2005). The average shares outstanding for diluted shares, that is, taking into account preference shares and the number of shares that will be outstanding after all stock options, warrants, and convertible bonds would have been exercised in addition to ordinary shares amounted to 532million and 509million respectively. This also represents a drop in the number by 532million - 509 million = 23million. This drop might also be attributed to a redemption of some of the convertible issues such as bonds and warrants and as a result of out-of-the-money stock options at the maturity date. Deutsche Bank had a post-tax return on average shareholders equity of 9.1% and 12.5% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. This represents an increase by 3.4 which represents a percentage increase of: More revenue was generated to for shareholders, that is after paying off preference shareholders, bond holders and warrant holders in 2005 than in 2004. the company had a post-tax return on active equity of 14.8% and 21.7% for 2004 and 2005 respectively this also represents a very high percentage increase and also goes a long way to conclude that more shareholder value was created in 2005 as opposed to 2006 as can be

Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Public Policy - Essay Example ulted to the enactment of the Marijuana tax act, and later the Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 that contained CSA establishing the ban for marijuana use, not even for medical reasons. In the late 1990s, states began legalizing marijuana use for medical purposes, which challenged the congress to develop other accommodating laws over the issue of medical marijuana. The last one decade has been a struggle, with every amendment being rejected, at most five times in the Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment (2003-2007) of the federal drug enforcement administration (DEA). Towards the end of the decade, some light has been shed for marijuana use through the approved reforms, showing a congress relaxation trend towards medical marijuana. Marijuana has been known as a pain reliever for intensively suffering patients, but the use has raised so much controversy in the public and occupational domains, due to issues of legitimacy and morality in the society. According to historical records, the cannabis sativa plant (marijuana) has been used for healing purposes, for a wide range of ailments more than 2000 years ago, within America and beyond its boundaries. People could grow and use marijuana under the legal federal and state laws in America between the 18th century and early 1930s, from which it declined following the development of other alternative drugs (aspirin, morphine, and opium derived medication) in pain treatment (Eddy, 2010, p. 1). However, even after the congress and legal federal law classified marijuana as an unsafe drug, medical practitioners have held its benefits that are high in pain treatment, leading to several states having to legalize marijuana only for medical purposes. Initially, state of California was the first to legalize its use, from which others followed bravely. Although there are cases of illegal users of the drug taking advantage of the medical marijuana law, the patients with conditions or symptoms such as chronic pain, cancer,